Neighborhood Influences on Late Life Cognition in the ACTIVE Study

Shannon M Sisco, Michael Marsiske, Shannon M Sisco, Michael Marsiske

Abstract

Low neighborhood-level socioeconomic status has been associated with poorer health, reduced physical activity, increased psychological stress, and less neighborhood-based social support. These outcomes are correlates of late life cognition, but few studies have specifically investigated the neighborhood as a unique source of explanatory variance in cognitive aging. This study supplemented baseline cognitive data from the ACTIVE (Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly) study with neighborhood-level data to investigate (1) whether neighborhood socioeconomic position (SEP) predicts cognitive level, and if so, whether it differentially predicts performance in general and specific domains of cognition and (2) whether neighborhood SEP predicts differences in response to short-term cognitive intervention for memory, reasoning, or processing speed. Neighborhood SEP positively predicted vocabulary, but did not predict other general or specific measures of cognitive level, and did not predict individual differences in response to cognitive intervention.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
SEP factor structure model. Standardized loadings (ß) to the left of each indicator; **p < 0.001; HH = household.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic of the predictive model of baseline cognition. Regression paths were estimated from all covariates (gender, age, education, and race) to g, reasoning, speed, everyday cognition, and vocabulary, and could not be estimated for memory. Model covariates included age, quadratic age, education, gender, and race. HH = Household.

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Source: PubMed

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