Association between gingivitis and anterior gingival enlargement in subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment

Fabricio Batistin Zanatta, Thiago Machado Ardenghi, Raquel Pippi Antoniazzi, Tatiana Militz Perrone Pinto, Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing, Fabricio Batistin Zanatta, Thiago Machado Ardenghi, Raquel Pippi Antoniazzi, Tatiana Militz Perrone Pinto, Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association among gingival enlargement (GE), periodontal conditions and socio-demographic characteristics in subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

Methods: A sample of 330 patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment for at least 6 months were examined by a single calibrated examiner for plaque and gingival indexes, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss and gingival enlargement. Socio-economic background, orthodontic treatment duration and use of dental floss were assessed by oral interviews. Associations were assessed by means of unadjusted and adjusted Poisson's regression models.

Results: The presence of gingival bleeding (RR 1.01; 95% CI 1.00-1.01) and excess resin around brackets (RR 1.02; 95% CI 1.02-1.03) were associated with an increase in GE. No associations were found between socio-demographic characteristics and GE.

Conclusion: Proximal anterior gingival bleeding and excess resin around brackets are associated with higher levels of anterior gingival enlargement in subjects under orthodontic treatment.

Keywords: Epidemiology; Gingival enlargement; Gingivitis; Orthodontics.

References

    1. Trombelli L, Scapoli C, Tatakis DN, Grassi L. Modulation of clinical expression of plaque-induced gingivitis: effects of personality traits, social support and stress. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32(11):1143–1150.
    1. Antoniazzi RP, Miranda LA, Zanatta FB, Islabao AG, Gustafsson A, Chiapinotto GA, et al. Periodontal conditions of individuals with Sjogren's syndrome. J Periodontol. 2009;80(3):429–435.
    1. Levin L, Samorodnitzky-Naveh GR, Machtei EE. The association of orthodontic treatment and fixed retainers with gingival health. J Periodontol. 2008;79(11):2087–2092.
    1. Polson AM, Subtelny JD, Meitner SW, Polson AP, Sommers EW, Iker HP, et al. Long-term periodontal status after orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1988;93(1):51–58.
    1. Zachrisson S, Zachrisson BU. Gingival condition associated with orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 1972;42(1):26–34.
    1. Kloehn JS, Pfeifer JS. The effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontium. Angle Orthod. 1974;44(2):127–134.
    1. Kouraki E, Bissada NF, Palomo JM, Ficara AJ. Gingival enlargement and resolution during and after orthodontic treatment. N Y State Dent J. 2005;71(4):34–37.
    1. Trackman PC, Kantarci A. Connective tissue metabolism and gingival overgrowth. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2004;15(3):165–175.
    1. Reali L, Zuliani E, Gabutti L, Schonholzer C, Marone C. Poor oral hygiene enhances gingival overgrowth caused by calcineurin inhibitors. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2009;34(3):255–260.
    1. Somacarrera ML, Lucas M, Scully C, Barrios C. Effectiveness of periodontal treatments on cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth in transplant patients. Br Dent J. 1997;183(3):89–94.
    1. Gomes SC, Varela CC, Veiga SL, Rosing CK, Oppermann RV. Periodontal conditions in subjects following orthodontic therapy. A preliminary study. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29(5):477–481.
    1. Sadowsky C, Begole EA. Long-term effects of orthodontic treatment on periodontal health. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1981;80(2):156–172.
    1. Diamanti-Kipioti A, Gusberti FA, Lang NP. Clinical and microbiological effects of fixed orthodontic appliances. J Clin Periodontol. 1987;14(6):326–333.
    1. Paolantonio M, Festa F, di Placido G, D'Attilio M, Catamo G, Piccolomini R. Site-specific subgingival colonization by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;115(4):423–428.
    1. Lee SM, Yoo SY, Kim HS, Kim KW, Yoon YJ, Lim SH, et al. Prevalence of putative periodontopathogens in subgingival dental plaques from gingivitis lesions in Korean orthodontic patients. J Microbiol. 2005;43(3):260–265.
    1. Lo BA, Di Marco R, Milazzo I, Nicolosi D, Cali G, Rossetti B, et al. Microbiological and clinical periodontal effects of fixed orthodontic appliances in pediatric patients. New Microbiol. 2008;31(2):299–302.
    1. Loe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity. Acta Odontol Scand. 1963;21:533–551.
    1. Loe H. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. J Periodontol. 1967;38(6) Suppl:s610–s616.
    1. Seymour RA, Smith DG, Turnbull DN. The effects of phenytoin and sodium valproate on the periodontal health of adult epileptic patients. J Clin Periodontol. 1985;12(6):413–419.
    1. Ainamo J, Bay I. Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J. 1975;25(4):229–235.
    1. Zanatta FB, Ardenghi TM, Antoniazzi RP, Pinto TM, Rosing CK. Association between gingival bleeding and gingival enlargement and Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of subjects under fixed orthodontic treatment: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2012;12(1):53.
    1. Zanatta FB, Moreira CH, Rosing CK. Association between dental floss use and gingival conditions in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140(6):812–821.
    1. Greenstein G, Caton J, Polson AM. Histologic characteristics associated with bleeding after probing and visual signs of inflammation. J Periodontol. 1981;52(8):420–425.
    1. Polson AM, Greenstein G, Caton J. Relationships between epithelium and connective tissue in inflamed gingiva. J Periodontol. 1981;52(12):743–746.
    1. Sharma NC, Charles CH, Qaqish JG, Galustians HJ, Zhao Q, Kumar LD. Comparative effectiveness of an essential oil mouthrinse and dental floss in controlling interproximal gingivitis and plaque. Am J Dent. 2002;15(6):351–355.
    1. Finkelstein P, Grossman E. The effectiveness of dental floss in reducing gingival inflammation. J Dent Res. 1979;58(3):1034–1039.
    1. Lobene RR, Soparkar PM, Newman MB. Use of dental floss. Effect on plaque and gingivitis. Clin Prev Dent. 1982;4(1):5–8.
    1. Reitman WR, Whiteley RT, Robertson PB. Proximal surface cleaning by dental floss. Clin Prev Dent. 1980;2(3):7–10.
    1. Al-Marzok MI, Al-Azzawi HJ. The effect of the surface roughness of porcelain on the adhesion of oral Streptococcus mutans. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2009;10(6):E017–E024.
    1. Aykent F, Yondem I, Ozyesil AG, Gunal SK, Avunduk MC, Ozkan S. Effect of different finishing techniques for restorative materials on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion. J Prosthet Dent. 2010;103(4):221–227.
    1. Sisson KL. Theoretical explanations for social inequalities in oral health. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2007;35(2):81–88.
    1. Barros AJ, Hirakata VN. Alternatives for logistic regression in cross-sectional studies: an empirical comparison of models that directly estimate the prevalence ratio. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2003;3:21–21.

Source: PubMed

Szponzorok és közreműködők

Egészségi állapot

Kábítószer-beavatkozások

3
Iratkozz fel