Changes in food intake from 2005 to 2010 by a cohort of black rural and urban African men and women in the North West Province of South Africa: the PURE-NWP-SA study

Edelweiss Wentzel-Viljoen, Ria Laubscher, Hester H Vorster, Edelweiss Wentzel-Viljoen, Ria Laubscher, Hester H Vorster

Abstract

Objective: We have shown that nutrient intakes of rural and urban black Africans in the North West Province (NWP) of South Africa (SA) followed the typical nutrition transition pattern upon urbanization and modernization. The current study aimed to examine and report on the changes in food intakes from 2005 to 2010 in rural and urban black South Africans participating in the PURE-NWP-SA study.Design/Setting/SubjectsThe PURE-NWP-SA study recruited 2010 volunteers aged 35-70 years in 2005, from which detailed food intakes, measured with a validated quantified FFQ, for 1858 participants were available. In 2010, food intakes of a cohort of 1154 of these participants were measured.

Results: Median energy intake increased in men and women in both rural and urban areas from 2005 to 2010. Changes in food intake were interpreted keeping these changes in energy intake and the contribution of foods and food groups to total energy intake in mind. No 'new' foods were eaten in 2010, but more participants consumed certain foods and products in 2010 than in 2005. Beneficial changes were increased intakes of vegetables, fruit and milk in most groups. The contribution of cooked staple porridges and bread made from fortified maize and bread flour decreased and therefore also did their contribution to micronutrient intakes.

Conclusions: By promoting and supporting observed beneficial changes such as increased intakes of milk, vegetables and fruit by appropriate policies and educational interventions, it should be possible to steer the nutrition transition in this population into a positive direction.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03225586.

Keywords: Black African men and women; Food groups; Food intake; Nutrition transition; South Africa; South African food-based dietary guidelines.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Participant recruitment and follow-up from years 2005 to 2010 (adapted from Vorster et al.( 12 )). QFFQ, quantified FFQ
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Changes in the median intakes of four food groups over time (2005 to 2010) by men and women in the PURE-NWP-SA study: (a) cooked porridge; (b) bread and vetkoek; (c) samp, maize and rice; (d) white and brown sugar (, rural men; , urban men; , rural women; , urban women). PURE-NWP-SA, Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology in the North West Province of South Africa

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