- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT03225586
Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (PURE)
January 29, 2024 updated by: Salim Yusuf's office, Population Health Research Institute
To examine the impact of health determinants at the individual (e.g.
health related behaviors) and societal level (e.g.
environmental factors, health related policy, quality of health systems) on health outcomes (e.g.
death, non-communicable disease development) across a range of socioeconomic and health resource settings.
Additional components of this study will examine genetic factors for non-communicable diseases.
This will be examined both through a cross sectional component, and prospectively (cohort component).
Study Overview
Status
Recruiting
Detailed Description
- To examine the relationship between societal influences and prevalence of risk factors and chronic noncommunicable diseases. Societal determinants are measured by an index of measures from each of the 4 domains of interest: built environment, food and nutrition policy, psychosocial/socioeconomic factors, and tobacco.
- To examine the relationship between societal determinants and incidence of chronic noncommunicable disease events (e.g. cardiovascular disease, cancer) and on changes in rates of selected risk factors (e.g. smoking)
- To examine the relationship between health related behaviors (e.g. diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol) and health outcomes (e.g. death, non-communicable diseases)
- The quality of health systems across a diverse range of health resource settings, and how this impacts health outcomes
- Genetic factors for non-communicable diseases
Study Type
Observational
Enrollment (Estimated)
200000
Contacts and Locations
This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.
Study Contact
- Name: Sumathy Rangarajan, MSc
- Phone Number: 40464 905-521-2100
- Email: sumathy.rangarajan@phri.ca
Study Contact Backup
- Name: Janette Panhuis, BScN, MBA
- Phone Number: 40386 905-521-2100
- Email: janette.panhuis@phri.ca
Study Locations
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Santa Fe
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Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Recruiting
- Estudios Clinicos Latinoamerica ECLA
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Contact:
- Rafael Diaz, MD
- Email: rdiazmd@eclainternational.org
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Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Recruiting
- Independent University, Bangladesh
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Contact:
- Omar Rahman, MD, MPH, DSc
- Email: orahman@iub.edu.bd
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Contact:
- Rita Yusuf, PhD
- Email: ritayusuf@iub.edu.bd
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São Paulo, Brazil
- Recruiting
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology
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Contact:
- Alvaro Avezum, MD. PhD
- Email: avezum@yahoo.com
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British Columbia
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Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Recruiting
- Simon Fraser University
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Contact:
- Scott Lear, PhD
- Email: SLear@providencehealth.bc.ca
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Ontario
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Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8L2X2
- Recruiting
- Population Health Research Institute
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Contact:
- Sandy Trottier
- Phone Number: 40456 905-521-2100
- Email: sandy.trottier@phri.ca
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Principal Investigator:
- Koon Teo, MB, PhD
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Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H8L6
- Recruiting
- University of Ottawa
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Contact:
- Andreas Wielgosz, MD, PhD
- Email: wielgosz@uottawa.ca
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Quebec
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Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Recruiting
- Université Laval Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec
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Contact:
- Gilles Dagenais, MD
- Email: Gilles.Dagenais@criucpq.ulaval.ca
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Temuco, Chile
- Recruiting
- Universidad de La Frontera
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Contact:
- Fernando Lanas, MD, MSc
- Email: lanastomas@gmail.com
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Beijing, China
- Recruiting
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital
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Contact:
- Wei Li, PhD
- Email: liwei@mrbc-nccd.com
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Santander
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Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
- Recruiting
- Fundacion Oftalmologica de Santander - FOSCAL
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Contact:
- Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, MD, PhD
- Email: jplopezj@gmail.com
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Chandigarh, India
- Recruiting
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)
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Contact:
- Rajesh Kumar, MD
- Email: dr.rajeshkumar@gmail.com
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Karnataka
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Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Recruiting
- St John's Research Institute
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Contact:
- Prem K Mony, MD, MSc
- Email: premkmony@gmail.com
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Kerala
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Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Recruiting
- Health Action by People
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Contact:
- Raman Kutty, MD, MPH
- Email: kuttyr@gmail.com
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Rajasthan
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Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Recruiting
- Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute
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Contact:
- Rajeev Gupta, MD, PhD
- Email: rajeevgg@gmail.com
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Tamil Nadu
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Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Recruiting
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation
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Contact:
- V Mohan, MD
- Email: drmohans@diabetes.ind.in
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Isfahan, Iran, Islamic Republic of
- Recruiting
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
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Contact:
- Roya Kelishadi, MD
- Email: roya.kelishadi@gmail.com
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Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Recruiting
- Research Institute of Cardiology & Internal Diseases
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Contact:
- Kairat Davletov, MD
- Email: davletovkairat@gmail.com
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Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- Recruiting
- Kyrgyz Society of Cardiology, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease
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Contact:
- Erkin Mirrakhimov, MD
- Email: erkmirr@gmail.com
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Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Recruiting
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, UCSI Universiti
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Contact:
- Khalid Yusoff, MBBS
- Email: kyusoff@gmail.com
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Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Recruiting
- University Kebangsaan Malaysia
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Contact:
- Noorhassim Ismail, MD
- Email: ramalbaru@gmail.com
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Karachi, Pakistan
- Recruiting
- Aga Khan University
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Contact:
- Romaina Iqbal, PhD
- Email: romaina.iqbal@aku.edu
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Ramallah, Palestinian Territory, occupied
- Recruiting
- Birzeit University, Birzeit
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Contact:
- Rasha Khatib, PhD
- Email: Rasha.Khatib@phri.ca
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Lima, Peru
- Recruiting
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
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Contact:
- Jaime Miranda, MD, PhD
- Email: jaime.miranda@upch.pe
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Manila, Philippines
- Recruiting
- University of Philippines, Section of Adult Medicine & Medical Research Unit
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Contact:
- Antonio L Dans, MD
- Email: antoniodans@gmail.com
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Wrocław, Poland
- Recruiting
- Wroclaw Medical University & Department of Internal Medicine
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Contact:
- Andrzej Szuba, MD, PhD
- Email: andrzej.szuba@umed.wroc.pl
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Kemerovo, Russian Federation
- Recruiting
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
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Contact:
- Olga Barbarash
- Email: olb61@mail.ru
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Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Recruiting
- King Saud University
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Contact:
- Khalid F AlHabib, MBBS
- Email: khalidalhabib13@hotmail.com
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Bellville, South Africa
- Recruiting
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape
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Contact:
- Thandi Puoane, MPH, Dr PH
- Email: tpuoane@uwc.ac.za
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Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Recruiting
- North-West University
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Contact:
- Lanthe Kruger, PhD
- Email: lanthe.kruger@nwu.ac.za
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Göteborg, Sweden
- Recruiting
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra Hospital
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Contact:
- Annika Rosengren, MD, PhD
- Email: annika.rosengren@gu.se
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Moshi, Tanzania
- Recruiting
- Pamoja Tunaweza Women Center
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Contact:
- Karen Yeates, MD
- Email: yeatesk@queensu.ca
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İstanbul, Turkey
- Recruiting
- Istanbul Medeniyet University
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Contact:
- Aytekin Oguz, MD
- Email: aytekinoguz@hotmail.com
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Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Recruiting
- Dubai Medical University
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Contact:
- Afzalhussein Yusufali, MD
- Email: ahYusufali@dha.gov.ae
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Harare, Zimbabwe
- Recruiting
- University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences
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Contact:
- Jephat Chifamba, DPhil
- Email: chifamb@medic.uz.ac.zw
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Participation Criteria
Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
35 years to 70 years (Adult, Older Adult)
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
N/A
Sampling Method
Non-Probability Sample
Study Population
Adults aged 35 to 70 years from communities in low-, middle-, and high-income regions of the world representing various levels of development and encompassing great sociocultural diversity.
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- consenting adults between 35-70 years of age
Exclusion Criteria:
- none
Study Plan
This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.
How is the study designed?
Design Details
Cohorts and Interventions
Group / Cohort |
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Adults
Between 35 to 70 years of age at time of enrollment
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
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incident cardiovascular disease
Time Frame: mean follow up of 10 years
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cardiovascular death, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure
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mean follow up of 10 years
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
incident cancer
Time Frame: mean follow up of 10 years
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total and cause specific cancers
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mean follow up of 10 years
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Incident COPD
Time Frame: mean follow up of 10 years
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development of COPD
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mean follow up of 10 years
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Incident Asthma
Time Frame: mean follow up of 10 years
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development of asthma
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mean follow up of 10 years
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Pneumonia
Time Frame: mean follow up of 10 years
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hospitalization for pneumonia
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mean follow up of 10 years
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Respiratory outcomes
Time Frame: mean follow up of 10 years
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change in pulmonary function test
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mean follow up of 10 years
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All Cause Hospitalizations
Time Frame: mean follow up of 10 years
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All cause hospitalizations
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mean follow up of 10 years
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Kidney disease
Time Frame: mean follow up of 10 years
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end stage renal disease, dialysis, transplant, changes in renal function
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mean follow up of 10 years
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All cause and cause specific mortality
Time Frame: mean follow up of 10 years
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death from all causes, and cause specific deaths
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mean follow up of 10 years
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incident diabetes
Time Frame: mean follow up of 10 years
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development of diabetes
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mean follow up of 10 years
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obesity
Time Frame: mean follow up of 10 years
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development of obesity, change in BMI
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mean follow up of 10 years
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hypertension
Time Frame: mean follow up of 10 years
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development of hypertension and changes in blood pressure
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mean follow up of 10 years
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incident injuries
Time Frame: mean follow up of 10 years
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assessing fatal and non-fatal injuries due road traffic accidents and falls
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mean follow up of 10 years
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Collaborators and Investigators
This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Salim Yusuf, DPhil, Executive Director
Publications and helpful links
The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.
General Publications
- Yusuf S, Islam S, Chow CK, Rangarajan S, Dagenais G, Diaz R, Gupta R, Kelishadi R, Iqbal R, Avezum A, Kruger A, Kutty R, Lanas F, Lisheng L, Wei L, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Oguz A, Rahman O, Swidan H, Yusoff K, Zatonski W, Rosengren A, Teo KK; Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study Investigators. Use of secondary prevention drugs for cardiovascular disease in the community in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (the PURE Study): a prospective epidemiological survey. Lancet. 2011 Oct 1;378(9798):1231-43. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61215-4. Epub 2011 Aug 26.
- Dehghan M, Al Hamad N, Yusufali A, Nusrath F, Yusuf S, Merchant AT. Development of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for use in United Arab Emirates and Kuwait based on local foods. Nutr J. 2005 May 27;4:18. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-4-18.
- Mente A, O'Donnell MJ, Rangarajan S, McQueen MJ, Poirier P, Wielgosz A, Morrison H, Li W, Wang X, Di C, Mony P, Devanath A, Rosengren A, Oguz A, Zatonska K, Yusufali AH, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Avezum A, Ismail N, Lanas F, Puoane T, Diaz R, Kelishadi R, Iqbal R, Yusuf R, Chifamba J, Khatib R, Teo K, Yusuf S; PURE Investigators. Association of urinary sodium and potassium excretion with blood pressure. N Engl J Med. 2014 Aug 14;371(7):601-11. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1311989.
- O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, McQueen MJ, Wang X, Liu L, Yan H, Lee SF, Mony P, Devanath A, Rosengren A, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Diaz R, Avezum A, Lanas F, Yusoff K, Iqbal R, Ilow R, Mohammadifard N, Gulec S, Yusufali AH, Kruger L, Yusuf R, Chifamba J, Kabali C, Dagenais G, Lear SA, Teo K, Yusuf S; PURE Investigators. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014 Aug 14;371(7):612-23. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1311889. Erratum In: N Engl J Med. 2014 Sep 25;371(13):1267.
- Merchant AT, Dehghan M, Chifamba J, Terera G, Yusuf S. Nutrient estimation from an FFQ developed for a Black Zimbabwean population. Nutr J. 2005 Dec 13;4:37. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-4-37.
- Merchant AT, Dehghan M. Food composition database development for between country comparisons. Nutr J. 2006 Jan 19;5:2. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-5-2.
- Vaz M, Bharathi AV, Thomas T, Yusuf S, Kurpad AV. The repeatability of self reported physical activity patterns in rural South India. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2009;18(1):71-5.
- Dehghan M, del Cerro S, Zhang X, Cuneo JM, Linetzky B, Diaz R, Merchant AT. Validation of a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for Argentinean adults. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37958. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037958. Epub 2012 May 25.
- Dehghan M, Martinez S, Zhang X, Seron P, Lanas F, Islam S, Merchant AT. Relative validity of an FFQ to estimate daily food and nutrient intakes for Chilean adults. Public Health Nutr. 2013 Oct;16(10):1782-8. doi: 10.1017/S1368980012004107. Epub 2012 Sep 21.
- Dehghan M, Lopez Jaramillo P, Duenas R, Anaya LL, Garcia RG, Zhang X, Islam S, Merchant AT. Development and validation of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire among rural- and urban-dwelling adults in Colombia. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2012 Nov-Dec;44(6):609-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2010.10.001. Epub 2011 Jul 7.
- Khatib R, Schwalm JD, Yusuf S, Haynes RB, McKee M, Khan M, Nieuwlaat R. Patient and healthcare provider barriers to hypertension awareness, treatment and follow up: a systematic review and meta-analysis of qualitative and quantitative studies. PLoS One. 2014 Jan 15;9(1):e84238. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084238. eCollection 2014.
- Teo K, Chow CK, Vaz M, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S; PURE Investigators-Writing Group. The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study: examining the impact of societal influences on chronic noncommunicable diseases in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Am Heart J. 2009 Jul;158(1):1-7.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2009.04.019.
- Chow CK, Lock K, Teo K, Subramanian SV, McKee M, Yusuf S. Environmental and societal influences acting on cardiovascular risk factors and disease at a population level: a review. Int J Epidemiol. 2009 Dec;38(6):1580-94. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyn258. Epub 2009 Mar 4.
- Bharathi AV, Kurpad AV, Thomas T, Yusuf S, Saraswathi G, Vaz M. Development of food frequency questionnaires and a nutrient database for the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) pilot study in South India: methodological issues. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(1):178-85.
- Iqbal R, Ajayan K, Bharathi AV, Zhang X, Islam S, Soman CR, Merchant AT. Refinement and validation of an FFQ developed to estimate macro- and micronutrient intakes in a south Indian population. Public Health Nutr. 2009 Jan;12(1):12-8. doi: 10.1017/S1368980008001845. Epub 2008 Mar 7.
- Chow CK, Lock K, Madhavan M, Corsi DJ, Gilmore AB, Subramanian SV, Li W, Swaminathan S, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Avezum A, Lear SA, Dagenais G, Teo K, McKee M, Yusuf S. Environmental Profile of a Community's Health (EPOCH): an instrument to measure environmental determinants of cardiovascular health in five countries. PLoS One. 2010 Dec 10;5(12):e14294. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014294.
- Mir H, Buchanan D, Gilmore A, McKee M, Yusuf S, Chow CK. Cigarette pack labelling in 12 countries at different levels of economic development. J Public Health Policy. 2011 May;32(2):146-64. doi: 10.1057/jphp.2011.3. Epub 2011 Mar 3.
- Gasevic D, Vukmirovich I, Yusuf S, Teo K, Chow C, Dagenais G, Lear SA. A direct assessment of "obesogenic" built environments: challenges and recommendations. J Environ Public Health. 2011;2011:161574. doi: 10.1155/2011/161574. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
- Corsi DJ, Subramanian SV, McKee M, Li W, Swaminathan S, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Avezum A, Lear SA, Dagenais G, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Yusuf S, Chow CK. Environmental Profile of a Community's Health (EPOCH): an ecometric assessment of measures of the community environment based on individual perception. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e44410. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044410. Epub 2012 Sep 4.
- Dehghan M, Ilow R, Zatonska K, Szuba A, Zhang X, Mente A, Regulska-Ilow B. Development, reproducibility and validity of the food frequency questionnaire in the Poland arm of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2012 Jun;25(3):225-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2012.01240.x. Epub 2012 Mar 6.
- Teo K, Lear S, Islam S, Mony P, Dehghan M, Li W, Rosengren A, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Diaz R, Oliveira G, Miskan M, Rangarajan S, Iqbal R, Ilow R, Puone T, Bahonar A, Gulec S, Darwish EA, Lanas F, Vijaykumar K, Rahman O, Chifamba J, Hou Y, Li N, Yusuf S; PURE Investigators. Prevalence of a healthy lifestyle among individuals with cardiovascular disease in high-, middle- and low-income countries: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. JAMA. 2013 Apr 17;309(15):1613-21. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.3519.
- Chow CK, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, Islam S, Gupta R, Avezum A, Bahonar A, Chifamba J, Dagenais G, Diaz R, Kazmi K, Lanas F, Wei L, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Fanghong L, Ismail NH, Puoane T, Rosengren A, Szuba A, Temizhan A, Wielgosz A, Yusuf R, Yusufali A, McKee M, Liu L, Mony P, Yusuf S; PURE (Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology) Study investigators. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in rural and urban communities in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. JAMA. 2013 Sep 4;310(9):959-68. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.184182.
- Corsi DJ, Subramanian SV, Chow CK, McKee M, Chifamba J, Dagenais G, Diaz R, Iqbal R, Kelishadi R, Kruger A, Lanas F, Lopez-Jaramilo P, Mony P, Mohan V, Avezum A, Oguz A, Rahman MO, Rosengren A, Szuba A, Li W, Yusoff K, Yusufali A, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Yusuf S. Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study: Baseline characteristics of the household sample and comparative analyses with national data in 17 countries. Am Heart J. 2013 Oct;166(4):636-646.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.04.019. Epub 2013 Jul 27.
- Duong M, Islam S, Rangarajan S, Teo K, O'Byrne PM, Schunemann HJ, Igumbor E, Chifamba J, Liu L, Li W, Ismail T, Shankar K, Shahid M, Vijayakumar K, Yusuf R, Zatonska K, Oguz A, Rosengren A, Heidari H, Almahmeed W, Diaz R, Oliveira G, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Seron P, Killian K, Yusuf S; PURE-BREATH Study Investigators. Global differences in lung function by region (PURE): an international, community-based prospective study. Lancet Respir Med. 2013 Oct;1(8):599-609. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70164-4. Epub 2013 Sep 10.
- Mahajan R, Malik M, Bharathi AV, Lakshmi PV, Patro BK, Rana SK, Kumar R. Reproducibility and validity of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire in an urban and rural area of northern India. Natl Med J India. 2013 Sep-Oct;26(5):266-72.
- Mente A, O'Donnell MJ, Dagenais G, Wielgosz A, Lear SA, McQueen MJ, Jiang Y, Xingyu W, Jian B, Calik KB, Akalin AA, Mony P, Devanath A, Yusufali AH, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Avezum A Jr, Yusoff K, Rosengren A, Kruger L, Orlandini A, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Yusuf S. Validation and comparison of three formulae to estimate sodium and potassium excretion from a single morning fasting urine compared to 24-h measures in 11 countries. J Hypertens. 2014 May;32(5):1005-14; discussion 1015. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000122.
- Lear SA, Teo K, Gasevic D, Zhang X, Poirier PP, Rangarajan S, Seron P, Kelishadi R, Tamil AM, Kruger A, Iqbal R, Swidan H, Gomez-Arbelaez D, Yusuf R, Chifamba J, Kutty VR, Karsidag K, Kumar R, Li W, Szuba A, Avezum A, Diaz R, Anand SS, Rosengren A, Yusuf S; Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. The association between ownership of common household devices and obesity and diabetes in high, middle and low income countries. CMAJ. 2014 Mar 4;186(4):258-66. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.131090. Epub 2014 Feb 10. Erratum In: CMAJ. 2014 Apr 1;186(6):453.
- Yusuf S, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Islam S, Li W, Liu L, Bo J, Lou Q, Lu F, Liu T, Yu L, Zhang S, Mony P, Swaminathan S, Mohan V, Gupta R, Kumar R, Vijayakumar K, Lear S, Anand S, Wielgosz A, Diaz R, Avezum A, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Lanas F, Yusoff K, Ismail N, Iqbal R, Rahman O, Rosengren A, Yusufali A, Kelishadi R, Kruger A, Puoane T, Szuba A, Chifamba J, Oguz A, McQueen M, McKee M, Dagenais G; PURE Investigators. Cardiovascular risk and events in 17 low-, middle-, and high-income countries. N Engl J Med. 2014 Aug 28;371(9):818-27. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1311890.
- Batool S, O'Donnell M, Sharma M, Islam S, Dagenais GR, Poirier P, Lear SA, Wielgosz A, Teo K, Stotts G, McCreary CR, Frayne R, DeJesus J, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S, Smith EE; PURE Study Investigators. Incidental magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging-positive lesions are rare in neurologically asymptomatic community-dwelling adults. Stroke. 2014 Jul;45(7):2115-7. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005782. Epub 2014 Jun 12.
- Chow CK, Corsi DJ, Lock K, Madhavan M, Mackie P, Li W, Yi S, Wang Y, Swaminathan S, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Gomez-Arbelaez D, Avezum A, Lear SA, Dagenais G, Teo K, McKee M, Yusuf S. A novel method to evaluate the community built environment using photographs--Environmental Profile of a Community Health (EPOCH) photo neighbourhood evaluation tool. PLoS One. 2014 Nov 4;9(11):e110042. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110042. eCollection 2014.
- Smith EE, O'Donnell M, Dagenais G, Lear SA, Wielgosz A, Sharma M, Poirier P, Stotts G, Black SE, Strother S, Noseworthy MD, Benavente O, Modi J, Goyal M, Batool S, Sanchez K, Hill V, McCreary CR, Frayne R, Islam S, DeJesus J, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Yusuf S; PURE Investigators. Early cerebral small vessel disease and brain volume, cognition, and gait. Ann Neurol. 2015 Feb;77(2):251-61. doi: 10.1002/ana.24320.
- Mayhew AJ, Lock K, Kelishadi R, Swaminathan S, Marcilio CS, Iqbal R, Dehghan M, Yusuf S, Chow CK. Nutrition labelling, marketing techniques, nutrition claims and health claims on chip and biscuit packages from sixteen countries. Public Health Nutr. 2016 Apr;19(6):998-1007. doi: 10.1017/S1368980015000658. Epub 2015 Mar 30. Erratum In: Public Health Nutr. 2016 Apr;19(6):1145.
- Rosengren A, Teo K, Rangarajan S, Kabali C, Khumalo I, Kutty VR, Gupta R, Yusuf R, Iqbal R, Ismail N, Altuntas Y, Kelishadi R, Diaz R, Avezum A, Chifamba J, Zatonska K, Wei L, Liao X, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Yusufali A, Seron P, Lear SA, Yusuf S. Psychosocial factors and obesity in 17 high-, middle- and low-income countries: the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiologic study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2015 Aug;39(8):1217-23. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2015.48. Epub 2015 Apr 14.
- Leong DP, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Avezum A Jr, Orlandini A, Seron P, Ahmed SH, Rosengren A, Kelishadi R, Rahman O, Swaminathan S, Iqbal R, Gupta R, Lear SA, Oguz A, Yusoff K, Zatonska K, Chifamba J, Igumbor E, Mohan V, Anjana RM, Gu H, Li W, Yusuf S; Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study investigators. Prognostic value of grip strength: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Lancet. 2015 Jul 18;386(9990):266-73. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62000-6. Epub 2015 May 13.
- Gupta R, Islam S, Mony P, Kutty VR, Mohan V, Kumar R, Thakur JS, Shankar VK, Mohan D, Vijayakumar K, Rahman O, Yusuf R, Iqbal R, Shahid M, Mohan I, Rangarajan S, Teo KK, Yusuf S. Socioeconomic factors and use of secondary preventive therapies for cardiovascular diseases in South Asia: The PURE study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015 Oct;22(10):1261-71. doi: 10.1177/2047487314540386. Epub 2014 Jun 18.
- Smyth A, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, O'Donnell M, Zhang X, Rana P, Leong DP, Dagenais G, Seron P, Rosengren A, Schutte AE, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Oguz A, Chifamba J, Diaz R, Lear S, Avezum A, Kumar R, Mohan V, Szuba A, Wei L, Yang W, Jian B, McKee M, Yusuf S; PURE Investigators. Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease, cancer, injury, admission to hospital, and mortality: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2015 Nov 14;386(10007):1945-1954. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00235-4. Epub 2015 Sep 17.
- Savell E, Gilmore AB, Sims M, Mony PK, Koon T, Yusoff K, Lear SA, Seron P, Ismail N, Calik KB, Rosengren A, Bahonar A, Kumar R, Vijayakumar K, Kruger A, Swidan H, Gupta R, Igumbor E, Afridi A, Rahman O, Chifamba J, Zatonska K, Mohan V, Mohan D, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Avezum A, Poirier P, Orlandini A, Li W, McKee M, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S, Chow CK. The environmental profile of a community's health: a cross-sectional study on tobacco marketing in 16 countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2015 Dec 1;93(12):851-61G. doi: 10.2471/BLT.15.155846.
- Lamelas PM, Mente A, Diaz R, Orlandini A, Avezum A, Oliveira G, Lanas F, Seron P, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Camacho-Lopez P, O Donnell MJ, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Yusuf S. Association of Urinary Sodium Excretion With Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Clinical Events in 17,033 Latin Americans. Am J Hypertens. 2016 Jul;29(7):796-805. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpv195. Epub 2015 Dec 18.
- Khatib R, McKee M, Shannon H, Chow C, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Wei L, Mony P, Mohan V, Gupta R, Kumar R, Vijayakumar K, Lear SA, Diaz R, Avezum A, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Lanas F, Yusoff K, Ismail N, Kazmi K, Rahman O, Rosengren A, Monsef N, Kelishadi R, Kruger A, Puoane T, Szuba A, Chifamba J, Temizhan A, Dagenais G, Gafni A, Yusuf S; PURE study investigators. Availability and affordability of cardiovascular disease medicines and their effect on use in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: an analysis of the PURE study data. Lancet. 2016 Jan 2;387(10013):61-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00469-9. Epub 2015 Oct 20.
- Mente A, Dagenais G, Wielgosz A, Lear SA, McQueen MJ, Zeidler J, Fu L, DeJesus J, Rangarajan S, Bourlaud AS, De Bluts AL, Corber E, de Jong V, Boomgaardt J, Shane A, Jiang Y, de Groh M, O'Donnell MJ, Yusuf S, Teo K. Assessment of Dietary Sodium and Potassium in Canadians Using 24-Hour Urinary Collection. Can J Cardiol. 2016 Mar;32(3):319-26. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.06.020. Epub 2015 Jun 25.
- Li W, Gu H, Teo KK, Bo J, Wang Y, Yang J, Wang X, Zhang H, Sun Y, Jia X, He X, Zhao X, Cheng X, Li J, Rangarajan S, Chen C, Yusuf S, Liu L; PURE China Investigators. Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in 115 rural and urban communities involving 47 000 people from China. J Hypertens. 2016 Jan;34(1):39-46. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000745.
- Raina P, Sohel N, Oremus M, Shannon H, Mony P, Kumar R, Li W, Wang Y, Wang X, Yusoff K, Yusuf R, Iqbal R, Szuba A, Oguz A, Rosengren A, Kruger A, Chifamba J, Mohammadifard N, Darwish EA, Dagenais G, Diaz R, Avezum A, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Seron P, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Yusuf S; PURE Investigators. Assessing global risk factors for non-fatal injuries from road traffic accidents and falls in adults aged 35-70 years in 17 countries: a cross-sectional analysis of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study. Inj Prev. 2016 Apr;22(2):92-8. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2014-041476. Epub 2015 Oct 28.
- Leong DP, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, Kutty VR, Lanas F, Hui C, Quanyong X, Zhenzhen Q, Jinhua T, Noorhassim I, AlHabib KF, Moss SJ, Rosengren A, Akalin AA, Rahman O, Chifamba J, Orlandini A, Kumar R, Yeates K, Gupta R, Yusufali A, Dans A, Avezum A, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Poirier P, Heidari H, Zatonska K, Iqbal R, Khatib R, Yusuf S. Reference ranges of handgrip strength from 125,462 healthy adults in 21 countries: a prospective urban rural epidemiologic (PURE) study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2016 Dec;7(5):535-546. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12112. Epub 2016 Apr 12.
- Dagenais GR, Gerstein HC, Zhang X, McQueen M, Lear S, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Mohan V, Mony P, Gupta R, Kutty VR, Kumar R, Rahman O, Yusoff K, Zatonska K, Oguz A, Rosengren A, Kelishadi R, Yusufali A, Diaz R, Avezum A, Lanas F, Kruger A, Peer N, Chifamba J, Iqbal R, Ismail N, Xiulin B, Jiankang L, Wenqing D, Gejie Y, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Yusuf S. Variations in Diabetes Prevalence in Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries: Results From the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological Study. Diabetes Care. 2016 May;39(5):780-7. doi: 10.2337/dc15-2338. Epub 2016 Mar 10.
- Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, Dagenais G, Lear S, McQueen M, Diaz R, Avezum A, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Lanas F, Li W, Lu Y, Yi S, Rensheng L, Iqbal R, Mony P, Yusuf R, Yusoff K, Szuba A, Oguz A, Rosengren A, Bahonar A, Yusufali A, Schutte AE, Chifamba J, Mann JF, Anand SS, Teo K, Yusuf S; PURE, EPIDREAM and ONTARGET/TRANSCEND Investigators. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016 Jul 30;388(10043):465-75. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30467-6. Epub 2016 May 20. Erratum In: Lancet. 2021 Apr 10;397(10282):1350.
- Miller V, Yusuf S, Chow CK, Dehghan M, Corsi DJ, Lock K, Popkin B, Rangarajan S, Khatib R, Lear SA, Mony P, Kaur M, Mohan V, Vijayakumar K, Gupta R, Kruger A, Tsolekile L, Mohammadifard N, Rahman O, Rosengren A, Avezum A, Orlandini A, Ismail N, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Yusufali A, Karsidag K, Iqbal R, Chifamba J, Oakley SM, Ariffin F, Zatonska K, Poirier P, Wei L, Jian B, Hui C, Xu L, Xiulin B, Teo K, Mente A. Availability, affordability, and consumption of fruits and vegetables in 18 countries across income levels: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Lancet Glob Health. 2016 Oct;4(10):e695-703. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30186-3. Epub 2016 Aug 23.
- Camacho PA, Gomez-Arbelaez D, Molina DI, Sanchez G, Arcos E, Narvaez C, Garcia H, Perez M, Hernandez EA, Duran M, Cure C, Sotomayor A, Rico A, David TM, Cohen DD, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S, Lopez-Jaramillo P. Social disparities explain differences in hypertension prevalence, detection and control in Colombia. J Hypertens. 2016 Dec;34(12):2344-2352. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001115.
- Avezum A, Oliveira GBF, Lanas F, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Diaz R, Miranda JJ, Seron P, Camacho-Lopez PA, Orlandini A, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Cordeiro Mattos A, Islam S, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Yusuf S. Secondary CV Prevention in South America in a Community Setting: The PURE Study. Glob Heart. 2017 Dec;12(4):305-313. doi: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.06.001. Epub 2016 Oct 20.
- Palafox B, McKee M, Balabanova D, AlHabib KF, Avezum AJ, Bahonar A, Ismail N, Chifamba J, Chow CK, Corsi DJ, Dagenais GR, Diaz R, Gupta R, Iqbal R, Kaur M, Khatib R, Kruger A, Kruger IM, Lanas F, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Minfan F, Mohan V, Mony PK, Oguz A, Palileo-Villanueva LM, Perel P, Poirier P, Rangarajan S, Rensheng L, Rosengren A, Soman B, Stuckler D, Subramanian SV, Teo K, Tsolekile LP, Wielgosz A, Yaguang P, Yeates K, Yongzhen M, Yusoff K, Yusuf R, Yusufali A, Zatonska K, Yusuf S. Wealth and cardiovascular health: a cross-sectional study of wealth-related inequalities in the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in high-, middle- and low-income countries. Int J Equity Health. 2016 Dec 8;15(1):199. doi: 10.1186/s12939-016-0478-6.
- Duong M, Rangarajan S, Zhang X, Killian K, Mony P, Swaminathan S, Bharathi AV, Nair S, Vijayakumar K, Mohan I, Gupta R, Mohan D, Rani S, Mohan V, Iqbal R, Kazmi K, Rahman O, Yusuf R, Pinnaka LV, Kumar R, O'Byrne P, Yusuf S. Effects of bidi smoking on all-cause mortality and cardiorespiratory outcomes in men from south Asia: an observational community-based substudy of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (PURE). Lancet Glob Health. 2017 Feb;5(2):e168-e176. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30004-9.
- Gupta R, Kaur M, Islam S, Mohan V, Mony P, Kumar R, Kutty VR, Iqbal R, Rahman O, Deepa M, Antony J, Vijaykumar K, Kazmi K, Yusuf R, Mohan I, Panwar RB, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S. Association of Household Wealth Index, Educational Status, and Social Capital with Hypertension Awareness, Treatment, and Control in South Asia. Am J Hypertens. 2017 Apr 1;30(4):373-381. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpw169.
- Leong DP, McKee M, Yusuf S; PURE Investigators. Population Muscle Strength Predicts Olympic Medal Tallies: Evidence from 20 Countries in the PURE Prospective Cohort Study. PLoS One. 2017 Jan 20;12(1):e0169821. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169821. eCollection 2017.
- Khatib R, Giacaman R, Khammash U, Yusuf S. Challenges to conducting epidemiology research in chronic conflict areas: examples from PURE- Palestine. Confl Health. 2017 Feb 22;10:33. doi: 10.1186/s13031-016-0101-x. eCollection 2016.
- Chow CK, Corsi DJ, Gilmore AB, Kruger A, Igumbor E, Chifamba J, Yang W, Wei L, Iqbal R, Mony P, Gupta R, Vijayakumar K, Mohan V, Kumar R, Rahman O, Yusoff K, Ismail N, Zatonska K, Altuntas Y, Rosengren A, Bahonar A, Yusufali A, Dagenais G, Lear S, Diaz R, Avezum A, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Lanas F, Rangarajan S, Teo K, McKee M, Yusuf S. Tobacco control environment: cross-sectional survey of policy implementation, social unacceptability, knowledge of tobacco health harms and relationship to quit ratio in 17 low-income, middle-income and high-income countries. BMJ Open. 2017 Mar 31;7(3):e013817. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013817.
- Yusufali AM, Khatib R, Islam S, Alhabib KF, Bahonar A, Swidan HM, Khammash U, Alshamiri MQ, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in four Middle East countries. J Hypertens. 2017 Jul;35(7):1457-1464. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001326.
- Walli-Attaei M, Rosengren A, Rangarajan S, Breet Y, Abdul-Razak S, Sharief WA, Alhabib KF, Avezum A, Chifamba J, Diaz R, Gupta R, Hu B, Iqbal R, Ismail R, Kelishadi R, Khatib R, Lang X, Li S, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Mohan V, Oguz A, Palileo-Villanueva LM, Poltyn-Zaradna K, R SP, Pinnaka LVM, Seron P, Teo K, Verghese ST, Wielgosz A, Yeates K, Yusuf R, Anand SS, Yusuf S; PURE investigators. Metabolic, behavioural, and psychosocial risk factors and cardiovascular disease in women compared with men in 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: an analysis of the PURE study. Lancet. 2022 Sep 10;400(10355):811-821. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01441-6.
- Narula N, Wong ECL, Dehghan M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, Lanas F, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Rohatgi P, Lakshmi PVM, Varma RP, Orlandini A, Avezum A, Wielgosz A, Poirier P, Almadi MA, Altuntas Y, Ng KK, Chifamba J, Yeates K, Puoane T, Khatib R, Yusuf R, Bostrom KB, Zatonska K, Iqbal R, Weida L, Yibing Z, Sidong L, Dans A, Yusufali A, Mohammadifard N, Marshall JK, Moayyedi P, Reinisch W, Yusuf S. Association of ultra-processed food intake with risk of inflammatory bowel disease: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2021 Jul 14;374:n1554. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1554.
- Pertiwi K, Kupers LK, Geleijnse JM, Zock PL, Wanders AJ, Kruger HS, van Zyl T, Kruger IM, Smuts CM. Associations of linoleic acid with markers of glucose metabolism and liver function in South African adults. Lipids Health Dis. 2020 Jun 16;19(1):138. doi: 10.1186/s12944-020-01318-3.
- Dehghan M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, Mohan V, Lear S, Swaminathan S, Wielgosz A, Seron P, Avezum A, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Turbide G, Chifamba J, AlHabib KF, Mohammadifard N, Szuba A, Khatib R, Altuntas Y, Liu X, Iqbal R, Rosengren A, Yusuf R, Smuts M, Yusufali A, Li N, Diaz R, Yusoff K, Kaur M, Soman B, Ismail N, Gupta R, Dans A, Sheridan P, Teo K, Anand SS, Yusuf S. Association of egg intake with blood lipids, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 177,000 people in 50 countries. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Apr 1;111(4):795-803. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz348.
- Wentzel-Viljoen E, Laubscher R, Vorster HH. Changes in food intake from 2005 to 2010 by a cohort of black rural and urban African men and women in the North West Province of South Africa: the PURE-NWP-SA study. Public Health Nutr. 2018 Nov;21(16):2941-2958. doi: 10.1017/S1368980018001878. Epub 2018 Aug 28.
- Wentzel-Viljoen E, Lee S, Laubscher R, Vorster HH. Accelerated nutrition transition in the North West Province of South Africa: results from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE-NWP-SA) cohort study, 2005 to 2010. Public Health Nutr. 2018 Oct;21(14):2630-2641. doi: 10.1017/S1368980018001118. Epub 2018 May 8.
Helpful Links
Study record dates
These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
January 1, 2002
Primary Completion (Estimated)
December 31, 2030
Study Completion (Estimated)
December 31, 2030
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
July 19, 2017
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
July 19, 2017
First Posted (Actual)
July 21, 2017
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Estimated)
January 31, 2024
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
January 29, 2024
Last Verified
January 1, 2024
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- PURE
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
YES
IPD Plan Description
During study conduct only with the investigators who have participated /contributed to the study.
Select summary data may be shared with policy makers for specific purposes.The study exec will consider specific requests for data analyses by non-contributing individuals 3 years after the study has been completed (i.e.
complete recruitment and a minimum of 10 years follow up in all) and the participating investigators have had an opportunity to explore questions that they are interested in.
Costs related to data curating ,and related efforts will need to be met by anybody not contributing to the study and requesting analyses
IPD Sharing Time Frame
complete recruitment and a minimum of 10 years follow up in all
IPD Sharing Access Criteria
The study exec will consider specific requests for data analyses by non-contributing individuals 3 years after the study has been completed (i.e.
complete recruitment and a minimum of 10 years follow up in all) and the participating investigators have had an opportunity to explore questions that they are interested in.
IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type
- STUDY_PROTOCOL
- CSR
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
No
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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