Multiparametric Lung MRI With Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Lung-RADS 4 Lesion Characterization
Multiparametric Lung MRI With Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Lung-RADS 4 Lesion Characterization: A Single-Center Prospective Diagnostic Accuracy Study
This study evaluates whether multiparametric chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), performed without any contrast material, can distinguish malignant from benign lung lesions that were assigned Lung-RADS category 4 on a standard-of-care lung cancer screening low-dose CT.
Participants who have a Lung-RADS 4 lesion on screening CT undergo one non-contrast research MRI of the chest at 3.0 Tesla. The MRI is added to standard care; no standard-of-care imaging, biopsy, or treatment is withheld or replaced, and the research MRI is not used for clinical decision making. Participants then continue routine clinical management, and the final nature of the lesion is established from pathology or microbiology when tissue is obtained, or otherwise from at least 24 months of clinical and imaging follow-up.
The primary measure is the sensitivity and specificity of multiparametric MRI against that final diagnosis. Secondary measures include whether DWI alone performs as well as the full MRI protocol, how MRI compares with PET/CT in participants who had PET/CT as part of their care, and quantitative MRI thresholds (apparent diffusion coefficient, lesion-to-spinal-cord signal intensity ratio, native T1 and T2).
This is an exploratory pilot and feasibility study. No formal power calculation was performed; the sample size is intended to support feasibility assessment, protocol optimization, and preliminary estimates of diagnostic performance.
調査の概要
状態
状態
条件
条件
介入・治療
介入・治療
詳細な説明
OBJECTIVES
Aim 1. Determine the sensitivity and specificity of multiparametric chest MRI with DWI in differentiating malignant from benign Lung-RADS 4 lesions.
Aim 2. Determine whether DWI alone is as effective as the full chest protocol in malignancy classification of Lung-RADS 4 lesions.
Aim 3. Compare the diagnostic performance of chest MRI to PET/CT in the characterization of Lung-RADS 4 lesions.
DESIGN
Single-center prospective observational cohort study of diagnostic accuracy at the University of Florida. Participants identified from the institutional lung cancer screening program with a Lung-RADS 4 (4A, 4B, 4X) finding on standard-of-care low-dose CT undergo one non-contrast research chest MRI. There is no randomization and no comparator group; the comparator is the reference standard (final clinical diagnosis) and, for Aim 3, the participant's standard-of-care PET/CT where performed.
INDEX TEST
All examinations are performed on a 3.0 Tesla scanner (GE Healthcare or Siemens Healthineers) with a vendor-specific surface coil; an interlocking neck coil may be added to the torso coil for apical lesions. No intravenous or other contrast material is administered. Sequences comprise axial breath-hold 2D in- and opposed-phase gradient echo T1-weighted imaging; axial breath-hold and/or respiratory-triggered DWI using multi-shot fat-suppressed echo-planar imaging with two b values; DWI sequences with restricted z-axis coverage centered on the nodule (EPI-DWI, FOCUS/ZOOMit-EPI, MUSE/RESOLVE); and axial respiratory-triggered T2-weighted imaging with fat suppression or Dixon. Ultra-short echo time imaging and T1/T2 mapping centered on the nodule may be added if time allows. Pulse-sequence parameters are optimized to the vendor platform during a pre-clinical optimization phase and after the first participants are scanned.
IMAGE ANALYSIS
Anonymized MRI examinations are read independently by two cardiothoracic radiologists with more than 5 years of MRI experience. Readers have the companion low-dose CT but are blinded to clinical data and to any additional imaging. Reading proceeds in two rounds: DWI alone in conjunction with the LDCT (Aim 2), then the full set of sequences (Aim 1). Each examination is classified as (1) negative / low suspicion for malignancy, (2) indeterminate, would benefit from short-term follow-up, or (3) positive / high suspicion for malignancy. Quantitative measures are the apparent diffusion coefficient from a circular or elliptical ROI over the lowest-signal component of the nodule, and the nodule-to-spinal-cord signal intensity ratio measured at the same level.
REFERENCE STANDARD
The final etiology of the lesion is determined by histopathological and/or microbiological data when available, or otherwise by imaging and clinical follow-up for at least 24 months. A lesion that disappears or decreases in size on follow-up is deemed benign; a lesion that remains stable for at least 24 months is deemed benign.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Sensitivity and specificity of chest MRI and of DW-MRI alone are reported with 95% confidence intervals, computed both excluding and including indeterminate examinations. For participants whose standard-of-care PET/CT was performed within a 3-week interval, sensitivity and specificity of the two modalities are compared pairwise by McNemar's test. Thresholds for ADC, lesion-to-spinal-cord ratio, native T1 and T2 are explored by ROC analysis at Youden's index. Interobserver agreement is assessed by kappa for categorical variables and intraclass correlation for continuous variables. Analyses are performed in R version 4.4.1 or higher at a significance level of 0.05. No interim analysis is planned.
研究の種類
研究の種類
入学 (推定)
入学
連絡先と場所
研究連絡先
研究連絡先
- 名前:Bruno Hochhegger, MD PHD
- 電話番号:(352) 265-0291
- メール:bhochhegger@ufl.edu
研究連絡先のバックアップ
- 名前:Julio M. F. Zhang, MD
- 電話番号:6363513312
- メール:juliozhang107@gmail.com
研究場所
-
-
Florida
-
Gainesville、Florida、アメリカ、32610
- UF Health Shands Hospital
-
コンタクト:
- Bruno Hochhegger, MD PHD
- 電話番号:(352) 265-0291
- メール:bhochhegger@ufl.edu
-
コンタクト:
- Julio M. F. Zhang, MD
- 電話番号:6463513312
- メール:juliozhang107@gmail.com
-
-
参加基準
適格基準
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
- 大人
- 高齢者
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
サンプリング方法
調査対象母集団
説明
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age 50 to 80 years, inclusive.
- At least a 20 pack-year cigarette smoking history, and currently smoking or quit within the past 15 years (2021 USPSTF lung cancer screening eligibility).
- Underwent a standard-of-care lung cancer screening low-dose chest CT (LDCT) at the University of Florida that was assigned Lung-RADS category 4 (4A, 4B, or 4X) per ACR Lung-RADS v2022.
- Able to provide written informed consent independently.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Part-solid or cystic nodule with a solid component measuring less than 8 mm.
- Endobronchial nodule.
- MRI-incompatible or potentially MRI-incompatible implanted device.
- Claustrophobia that would prevent the participant from tolerating the MRI examination.
- Metallic device in the chest wall or spine that may interfere with adequate image acquisition in the field of view (assessed case by case).
- History of prior lung resection for a benign condition that may create susceptibility artifact in the field of view.
- Home oxygen supplementation.
- Active or treated lower respiratory tract infection within the prior 4 weeks.
- Lack of capacity to consent.
研究計画
研究はどのように設計されていますか?
デザインの詳細
グループ/コホートの数
コホートと介入
グループ/コホートグループ/コホート |
介入・治療介入・治療 |
|---|---|
|
Lung-RADS 4 lesion on screening LDCT
Adults aged 50-80 who meet 2021 USPSTF lung cancer screening criteria and have a Lung-RADS category 4 (4A, 4B, or 4X) lesion on a standard-of-care lung cancer screening low-dose chest CT.
Each participant undergoes one non-contrast multiparametric chest MRI at 3.0 T for research purposes, in addition to standard of care.
No standard-of-care imaging, biopsy, or treatment is withheld or replaced, and the research MRI is not used for clinical decision making.
Participants continue routine clinical management; the final nature of the lesion is established from histopathology or microbiology when tissue is obtained, or otherwise from at least 24 months of clinical and imaging follow-up.
|
Single non-contrast chest MRI on a 3.0 Tesla scanner (GE Healthcare or Siemens Healthineers) with a vendor-specific surface coil.
Sequences: axial breath-hold 2D in- and opposed-phase gradient echo T1-weighted imaging; axial breath-hold and/or respiratory-triggered multi-shot fat-suppressed EPI DWI with two b values; reduced-FOV DWI centered on the nodule; axial respiratory-triggered T2-weighted imaging with fat suppression or Dixon.
Optional UTE and T1/T2 mapping if time allows.
No intravenous or other contrast material is administered.
|
この研究は何を測定していますか?
主要な結果の測定
主要な結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
|
Sensitivity and specificity of multiparametric chest MRI for malignancy in Lung-RADS 4 lesions
時間枠:From the research MRI to establishment of the final diagnosis: histopathology or microbiology when tissue is obtained, otherwise at least 24 months of clinical and imaging follow-up per participant.
|
Sensitivity and specificity, each with a 95% confidence interval, of the reader classification of multiparametric chest MRI (full protocol) for malignant versus benign lesion, against the final clinical diagnosis as the reference standard.
Reported both excluding and including examinations classified as indeterminate, to determine whether indeterminate examinations are better grouped with low or with high suspicion.
|
From the research MRI to establishment of the final diagnosis: histopathology or microbiology when tissue is obtained, otherwise at least 24 months of clinical and imaging follow-up per participant.
|
二次結果の測定
二次結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
|---|---|---|
|
Sensitivity and specificity of diffusion-weighted imaging alone
時間枠:From the research MRI to establishment of the final diagnosis: histopathology or microbiology when tissue is obtained, otherwise at least 24 months of clinical and imaging follow-up per participant.
|
Sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals of the reader classification based on DWI alone read in conjunction with the companion low-dose CT (round 1), against the final clinical diagnosis, for comparison with the full-protocol estimates (Aim 2).
|
From the research MRI to establishment of the final diagnosis: histopathology or microbiology when tissue is obtained, otherwise at least 24 months of clinical and imaging follow-up per participant.
|
|
Diagnostic performance of chest MRI compared with PET/CT
時間枠:From the research MRI to establishment of the final diagnosis: histopathology or microbiology when tissue is obtained, otherwise at least 24 months of clinical and imaging follow-up per participant.
|
Sensitivity and specificity of chest MRI and of standard-of-care PET/CT compared pairwise by McNemar's test, in the subset of participants whose PET/CT was performed within a 3-week interval (Aim 3).
PET/CT is standard of care and is not scheduled by the study.
|
From the research MRI to establishment of the final diagnosis: histopathology or microbiology when tissue is obtained, otherwise at least 24 months of clinical and imaging follow-up per participant.
|
|
Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) threshold for malignancy
時間枠:From the research MRI to establishment of the final diagnosis: histopathology or microbiology when tissue is obtained, otherwise at least 24 months of clinical and imaging follow-up per participant.
|
Optimal ADC threshold identified by ROC analysis at Youden's index, with the sensitivity, specificity and 95% confidence intervals at that threshold.
ADC is measured from a circular or elliptical region of interest placed over the lowest-signal component of the nodule, avoiding artifact, with correlation to the low-dose CT.
|
From the research MRI to establishment of the final diagnosis: histopathology or microbiology when tissue is obtained, otherwise at least 24 months of clinical and imaging follow-up per participant.
|
|
Lesion-to-spinal-cord signal intensity ratio (LSR) threshold for malignancy
時間枠:From the research MRI to establishment of the final diagnosis: histopathology or microbiology when tissue is obtained, otherwise at least 24 months of clinical and imaging follow-up per participant.
|
Optimal LSR threshold by ROC analysis at Youden's index with sensitivity, specificity and 95% confidence intervals.
LSR is calculated from the signal intensity of the nodule and of the spinal cord measured at the same level.
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From the research MRI to establishment of the final diagnosis: histopathology or microbiology when tissue is obtained, otherwise at least 24 months of clinical and imaging follow-up per participant.
|
|
Native T1 and T2 thresholds for malignancy
時間枠:From the research MRI to establishment of the final diagnosis: histopathology or microbiology when tissue is obtained, otherwise at least 24 months of clinical and imaging follow-up per participant.
|
Optimal native T1 and T2 thresholds by ROC analysis at Youden's index, with sensitivity, specificity and 95% confidence intervals at each threshold, in participants for whom T1 and T2 mapping centered on the nodule was acquired.
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From the research MRI to establishment of the final diagnosis: histopathology or microbiology when tissue is obtained, otherwise at least 24 months of clinical and imaging follow-up per participant.
|
|
Diagnostic performance of a short (<10 minute) acquisition protocol
時間枠:From the research MRI to establishment of the final diagnosis: histopathology or microbiology when tissue is obtained, otherwise at least 24 months of clinical and imaging follow-up per participant.
|
Sensitivity and specificity of the abbreviated acquisition (a single diffusion sequence with restricted z-axis coverage centered on the nodule, acquisition time under 10 minutes) compared with the full protocol, to assess whether the short protocol is non-inferior.
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From the research MRI to establishment of the final diagnosis: histopathology or microbiology when tissue is obtained, otherwise at least 24 months of clinical and imaging follow-up per participant.
|
|
Feasibility: prevalence of eligible patients and conversion of eligible patients to enrolled participant
時間枠:Through the enrollment period, up to 24 months from study start.
|
Number of Lung-RADS 4 examinations screened, number meeting all eligibility criteria, and number enrolled and scanned, yielding the prevalence of eligible patients in the UF lung cancer screening population and the eligible-to-enrolled conversion rate.
Stated in the source protocol as an explicit goal the sample size is intended to support.
|
Through the enrollment period, up to 24 months from study start.
|
|
Interobserver agreement between the two readers
時間枠:At completion of image interpretation, after both reading rounds are finished for all enrolled participants. Up to 48 months from study start.
|
Agreement between the two independent cardiothoracic radiologists: Cohen's kappa for the three-category suspicion classification and intraclass correlation coefficients for continuous measures (ADC, LSR, T1, T2).
Interpreted as 0.01-0.20 minor, 0.21-0.40
fair, 0.41-0.60
moderate, 0.61-0.80
high, 0.81-1.00
excellent.
|
At completion of image interpretation, after both reading rounds are finished for all enrolled participants. Up to 48 months from study start.
|
|
Prevalence of each MRI suspicion category
時間枠:At completion of image interpretation, after both reading rounds are finished for all enrolled participants. Up to 48 months from study start.
|
Proportion of examinations classified into each of the three reader categories: (1) negative / low suspicion for malignancy, (2) indeterminate, would benefit from short-term follow-up, (3) positive / high suspicion for malignancy.
|
At completion of image interpretation, after both reading rounds are finished for all enrolled participants. Up to 48 months from study start.
|
協力者と研究者
研究記録日
主要日程の研究
研究開始 (推定)
研究開始
一次修了 (推定)
一次修了
研究の完了 (推定)
研究の完了
試験登録日
最初に提出
最初に提出
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
最初の投稿 (実際)
最初の投稿
学習記録の更新
投稿された最後の更新 (実際)
投稿された最後の更新
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
最終確認日
最終確認日
詳しくは
本研究に関する用語
追加の関連 MeSH 用語
その他の研究ID番号
その他の研究ID番号
- IRB202601035
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