A guide for using NIH Image J for single slice cross-sectional area and composition analysis of the thigh from computed tomography

Douglas E Long, Alejandro G Villasante Tezanos, James N Wise, Philip A Kern, Marcas M Bamman, Charlotte A Peterson, Richard A Dennis, Douglas E Long, Alejandro G Villasante Tezanos, James N Wise, Philip A Kern, Marcas M Bamman, Charlotte A Peterson, Richard A Dennis

Abstract

Reports using computed tomography (CT) to estimate thigh skeletal muscle cross-sectional area and mean muscle attenuation are often difficult to evaluate due to inconsistent methods of quantification and/or poorly described analysis methods. This CT tutorial provides step-by-step instructions in using free, NIH Image J software to quantify both muscle size and composition in the mid-thigh, which was validated against a robust commercially available software, SliceOmatic. CT scans of the mid-thigh were analyzed from 101 healthy individuals aged 65 and older. Mean cross-sectional area and mean attenuation values are presented across seven defined Hounsfield unit (HU) ranges along with the percent contribution of each region to the total mid-thigh area. Inter-software correlation coefficients ranged from R2 = 0.92-0.99 for all specific area comparisons measured using the Image J method compared to SliceOmatic. We recommend reporting individual HU ranges for all areas measured. Although HU range 0-100 includes the majority of skeletal muscle area, HU range -29 to 150 appears to be the most inclusive for quantifying total thigh muscle. Reporting all HU ranges is necessary to determine the relative contribution of each, as they may be differentially affected by age, obesity, disease, and exercise. This standardized operating procedure will facilitate consistency among investigators reporting computed tomography characteristics of the thigh on single slice images. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02308228.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1. Graphical representation of various Hounsfield…
Fig 1. Graphical representation of various Hounsfield Unit ranges used for determining fat and skeletal muscle.
Visual output from Image J when assessing fat area, very low density muscle (VLDM), low density muscle (LDM), normal density muscle (NDM), and skeletal muscle area (SKM1).
Fig 2. Bland-Altman plots of the individual…
Fig 2. Bland-Altman plots of the individual subject differences between softwares for various cross sectional areas.

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