Proteomic profiles before and during weight loss: Results from randomized trial of dietary intervention

Sylwia M Figarska, Joseph Rigdon, Andrea Ganna, Sölve Elmståhl, Lars Lind, Christopher D Gardner, Erik Ingelsson, Sylwia M Figarska, Joseph Rigdon, Andrea Ganna, Sölve Elmståhl, Lars Lind, Christopher D Gardner, Erik Ingelsson

Abstract

Inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers have been associated with obesity, but little is known about how they change upon dietary intervention and concomitant weight loss. Further, protein biomarkers might be useful for predicting weight loss in overweight and obese individuals. We performed secondary analyses in the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) randomized intervention trial that included healthy 609 adults (18-50 years old) with BMI 28-40 kg/m2, to evaluate associations between circulating protein biomarkers and BMI at baseline, during a weight loss diet intervention, and to assess predictive potential of baseline blood proteins on weight loss. We analyzed 263 plasma proteins at baseline and 6 months into the intervention using the Olink Proteomics CVD II, CVD III and Inflammation arrays. BMI was assessed at baseline, after 3 and 6 months of dietary intervention. At baseline, 102 of the examined inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers were associated with BMI (>90% with successful replication in 1,584 overweight/obese individuals from a community-based cohort study) and 130 tracked with weight loss shedding light into the pathophysiology of obesity. However, out of 263 proteins analyzed at baseline, only fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) predicted weight loss, and none helped individualize dietary assignment.

Conflict of interest statement

Erik Ingelsson received consulting fees from Olink Proteomics (in 2017–2018) for work unrelated to the present project. The company had no influence over design, analysis or interpretation of data in the present study, and did not provide any funding for the study. The remaining authors do not have any conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Associations between cross-sectional associations of protein levels and BMI at baseline in DIETFITS. Proteins significantly associated with BMI (at FDR 

Figure 2

Cross-sectional associations between proteins and…

Figure 2

Cross-sectional associations between proteins and BMI at baseline (left panel); and associations between…

Figure 2
Cross-sectional associations between proteins and BMI at baseline (left panel); and associations between changes in proteins and changes in BMI during 6 months (right panel). Results are shown for 93 proteins significantly associated in both analyses. Red colors indicate positive coefficients (of baseline levels or changes, respectively), while blue colors indicate negative coefficients.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cross-sectional associations between proteins and BMI at baseline (left panel); and associations between changes in proteins and changes in BMI during 6 months (right panel). Results are shown for 93 proteins significantly associated in both analyses. Red colors indicate positive coefficients (of baseline levels or changes, respectively), while blue colors indicate negative coefficients.

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