Effects of blood flow restricted low-intensity concentric or eccentric training on muscle size and strength

Tomohiro Yasuda, Jeremy P Loenneke, Robert S Thiebaud, Takashi Abe, Tomohiro Yasuda, Jeremy P Loenneke, Robert S Thiebaud, Takashi Abe

Abstract

We investigated the acute and chronic effects of low-intensity concentric or eccentric resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle size and strength. Ten young men performed 30% of concentric one repetition maximal dumbbell curl exercise (four sets, total 75 reps) 3 days/week for 6 weeks. One arm was randomly chosen for concentric BFR (CON-BFR) exercise only and the other arm performed eccentric BFR (ECC-BFR) exercise only at the same exercise load. During the exercise session, iEMG for biceps brachii muscles increased progressively during CON-BFR, which was greater (p<0.05) than that of the ECC-BFR. Immediately after the exercise, muscle thickness (MTH) of the elbow flexors acutely increased (p<0.01) with both CON-BFR and ECC-BFR, but was greater with CON-BFR (11.7%) (p<0.01) than ECC-BFR (3.9%) at 10-cm above the elbow joint. Following 6-weeks of training, MRI-measured muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) at 10-cm position and mid-upper arm (12.0% and 10.6%, respectively) as well as muscle volume (12.5%) of the elbow flexors were increased (p<0.01) with CON-BFR. Increases in muscle CSA and volume were lower in ECC-BFR (5.1%, 0.8% and 2.9%, respectively) than in the CON-BFR and only muscle CSA at 10-cm position increased significantly (p<0.05) after the training. Maximal voluntary isometric strength of elbow flexors was increased (p<0.05) in CON-BFR (8.6%), but not in ECC (3.8%). These results suggest that CON-BFR training leads to pronounced acute changes in muscle size, an index of muscle cell swelling, the response to which may be an important factor for promoting muscle hypertrophy with BFR resistance training.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1. Muscle activation of biceps brachii…
Figure 1. Muscle activation of biceps brachii muscles during concentric or eccentric BFR exercise for each set performed.
Average for each 5-repetitions was represented as a single data point. Values are means and SD. **Different from first 5-reps, P

Figure 2. Muscle thickness (MTH) of the…

Figure 2. Muscle thickness (MTH) of the elbow flexors before and immediately after exercise session.

Figure 2. Muscle thickness (MTH) of the elbow flexors before and immediately after exercise session.
Values are means and SD. *Different from before, P

Figure 3. Distribution of muscle cross-sectional area…

Figure 3. Distribution of muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in elbow flexors pre- and post-training period.

Figure 3. Distribution of muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in elbow flexors pre- and post-training period.
Values are means and SD.

Figure 4. Maximum isometric strength (MVC) of…

Figure 4. Maximum isometric strength (MVC) of the elbow flexors pre- and post- training period.

Figure 4. Maximum isometric strength (MVC) of the elbow flexors pre- and post- training period.
Values are means and SD. *Different from pre-training, P
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References
    1. Takarada Y, Takazawa H, Sato Y, Takebayashi S, Tanaka Y, et al. (2000) Effects of resistance exercise combined with moderate vascular occlusion on muscular function in humans. J Appl Physiol 88: 2097–2106. - PubMed
    1. Abe T, Yasuda T, Midorikawa T, Sato Y, Kearns CF, et al. (2005) Skeletal muscle size and circulating IGF-1 are increased after two weeks of twice daily “KAATSU” resistance training. Int J KAATSU Training Res 1: 6–12.
    1. Karabulut M, Abe T, Sato Y, Bemben MG (2010) The effects of low-intensity resistance training with vascular restriction on leg muscle strength in older men. Eur J Appl Physiol 108: 147–55. - PubMed
    1. Loenneke JP, Wilson JM, Marin PJ, Zourdos MC, Bemben MG (2012a) Low intensity blood flow restriction training: a meta-analysis. Eur J Appl Physiol 112: 1849–1859. - PubMed
    1. Fujita S, Abe T, Drummond MJ, Cadenas JG, Dreyer HC, et al. (2007) Blood flow restriction during low-intensity resistance exercise increases S6K1 phosphorylation and muscle protein synthesis. J Appl Physiol 103: 903–910. - PubMed
Show all 38 references
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Grant support
This study was supported, in part, by Grant-­in‐aid (#23700713 to TY) from the Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology. No additional external funding was received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Figure 2. Muscle thickness (MTH) of the…
Figure 2. Muscle thickness (MTH) of the elbow flexors before and immediately after exercise session.
Values are means and SD. *Different from before, P

Figure 3. Distribution of muscle cross-sectional area…

Figure 3. Distribution of muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in elbow flexors pre- and post-training period.

Figure 3. Distribution of muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in elbow flexors pre- and post-training period.
Values are means and SD.

Figure 4. Maximum isometric strength (MVC) of…

Figure 4. Maximum isometric strength (MVC) of the elbow flexors pre- and post- training period.

Figure 4. Maximum isometric strength (MVC) of the elbow flexors pre- and post- training period.
Values are means and SD. *Different from pre-training, P
Similar articles
Cited by
References
    1. Takarada Y, Takazawa H, Sato Y, Takebayashi S, Tanaka Y, et al. (2000) Effects of resistance exercise combined with moderate vascular occlusion on muscular function in humans. J Appl Physiol 88: 2097–2106. - PubMed
    1. Abe T, Yasuda T, Midorikawa T, Sato Y, Kearns CF, et al. (2005) Skeletal muscle size and circulating IGF-1 are increased after two weeks of twice daily “KAATSU” resistance training. Int J KAATSU Training Res 1: 6–12.
    1. Karabulut M, Abe T, Sato Y, Bemben MG (2010) The effects of low-intensity resistance training with vascular restriction on leg muscle strength in older men. Eur J Appl Physiol 108: 147–55. - PubMed
    1. Loenneke JP, Wilson JM, Marin PJ, Zourdos MC, Bemben MG (2012a) Low intensity blood flow restriction training: a meta-analysis. Eur J Appl Physiol 112: 1849–1859. - PubMed
    1. Fujita S, Abe T, Drummond MJ, Cadenas JG, Dreyer HC, et al. (2007) Blood flow restriction during low-intensity resistance exercise increases S6K1 phosphorylation and muscle protein synthesis. J Appl Physiol 103: 903–910. - PubMed
Show all 38 references
Publication types
MeSH terms
Related information
Grant support
This study was supported, in part, by Grant-­in‐aid (#23700713 to TY) from the Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology. No additional external funding was received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
[x]
Cite
Copy Download .nbib
Format: AMA APA MLA NLM
Figure 3. Distribution of muscle cross-sectional area…
Figure 3. Distribution of muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in elbow flexors pre- and post-training period.
Values are means and SD.
Figure 4. Maximum isometric strength (MVC) of…
Figure 4. Maximum isometric strength (MVC) of the elbow flexors pre- and post- training period.
Values are means and SD. *Different from pre-training, P

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