Food Intake and Satiety Response after Medium-Chain Triglycerides Ingested as Solid or Liquid

Tyler Maher, Alistair Sampson, Magdalena Goslawska, Cristina Pangua-Irigaray, Amir Shafat, Miriam E Clegg, Tyler Maher, Alistair Sampson, Magdalena Goslawska, Cristina Pangua-Irigaray, Amir Shafat, Miriam E Clegg

Abstract

Consuming medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) may reduce subsequent energy intake and increase satiety compared to long-chain triglycerides (LCT) but this may be dependent on the physical form in which MCT is ingested. Twenty-nine participants completed four trials where they consumed a breakfast containing either LCT or MCT in solid (Con-S and MCT-S, respectively) or liquid (Con-L and MCT-L, respectively) form. Appetite ratings and gastric emptying (GE) were taken at baseline and at 15 min intervals for 4 h. Energy intake was assessed at an ad libitum meal and via weighed food records for the remainder of the day. Ad libitum energy intake was highest in Con-L (4101 ± 1278 kJ vs. Con-S, 3323 ± 1196; MCT-S, 3516 ± 1058; MCT-L, 3257 ± 1345; p = 0.001). Intake over the whole day was significantly lower in MCT-L (7904 ± 3244) compared to Con-L (9531 ± 3557; p = 0.001). There were significant differences in GE times (p < 0.05), with MCT breakfasts delaying GE to a greater extent than LCT, and MCT-L having the longest GE times. There were no differences in appetite sensations. MCT reduce subsequent intake without affecting subjective sensations of appetite when consumed in liquid form.

Keywords: MCT; appetite; dietary fat; energy intake; food form; gastric emptying.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mean and individual energy intake (kJ) at the ad libitum meal (A), free-living environment (B) and total over the whole day (C). Data are expressed as means and vertical bars indicate standard deviation. * Denotes a significant difference compared to all other trials, # denotes a significant difference compared to control oil in liquid form (Con-L). Significance was accepted at the p < 0.05 level.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Area under the curve values for hunger, fullness, desire to eat (DTE) and prospective food consumption (PFC) following breakfasts in all trials. Data are expressed as means and vertical bars indicate standard deviation.

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