Effects of resistance training on body composition and functional capacity among sarcopenic obese residents in long-term care facilities: a preliminary study

Shu-Ching Chiu, Rong-Sen Yang, Rea-Jeng Yang, Shu-Fang Chang, Shu-Ching Chiu, Rong-Sen Yang, Rea-Jeng Yang, Shu-Fang Chang

Abstract

Background: Aging-related loss of muscle and strength with increased adiposity is prevalent among older people in long-term care (LTC) facilities. Studies have shown that people with sarcopenic obesity (SO) are at high risk of declining physical performance. At present, no interventional studies on residents with SO in nursing homes have been conducted in the literature. The objectives of this study include appraising the changes in body composition and physical performance following resistance training among residents with SO in LTC facilities.

Methods: This study used a quasiexperimental research design. Residents who are 60 years of age or above and have been living a sedentary lifestyle in LTC facilities for the past 3 months will be eligible for inclusion. The intervention group engaged in chair muscle strength training twice a week for 12 weeks, whereas the control group underwent the usual care. The main variables were physical parameters of being lean and fat, the strength of grip and pinch, and a functional independence measure using descriptive analysis, chi-squared test, t-test, and generalized estimating equation for statistical analysis through SPSS.

Results: A total of 64 respondents with SO completed the study. After training, total grip strength (p = 0.001) and total pinch strength (p = 0.014) of the intervention group differed significantly from those of the control group. The right grip strength of the intervention group increased by 1.71 kg (p = 0.003) and the left grip strength improved by 1.35 kg (p = 0.028) compared with baseline values. The self-care scores of the intervention group increased by 2.76 points over baseline scores, particularly for the action of dressing oneself. Although grip strength and self-care scores improved more among those in the intervention group, body fat and skeletal muscle percentages did not differ significantly between the groups after training (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: Resistance exercises for elderly residents in LTC facilities may play an important role in helping them maintain physical well-being and improve muscle strength.

Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT02912338 . Retrospectively registered on 09/21/2016.

Keywords: Activities of daily living; Body composition; Grip strength; Long-term care; Resistance training; Sarcopenic obesity.

Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Ethical guidance for scientific study described in the Declaration of Helsinki and national ethical regulations were followed. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chung Shan Medical University Hospital in Taiwan, under number CS15095. An informed written and oral consent was obtained from each participant before screening. Trial registration: Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart of the quasiexperiment showing nonrandomization and number of participants
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Mean and 95% CI of percentage of skeletal mass (a, left) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (b, right); changes between groups and time interaction using GEE statistical analysis. Asterisks indicate significant within-group differences, *p < 0.05
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Mean and 95% CI of total grip strength (a, left) and total pinch strength (b, right); changes between groups and time interaction using GEE statistical analysis. Asterisks indicate significant between-group and within-group differences (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Mean and 95% CI of the functional independence measure (a, left) and self- care (b, right); changes between groups and time interaction using adjusted GEE statistical analysis. Asterisks indicate significant within-group differences, *p < 0.05

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