The Impact of a Community-Based Food Education Program on Nutrition-Related Knowledge in Middle-Aged and Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Carlos Vasconcelos, António Almeida, Maria Cabral, Elisabete Ramos, Romeu Mendes, Carlos Vasconcelos, António Almeida, Maria Cabral, Elisabete Ramos, Romeu Mendes

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a community-based food education program on nutrition-related knowledge in middle-aged and older patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Participants (n = 36; 65.9 ± 6.0 years old) were recruited in primary health care to a 9-month community-based lifestyle intervention program for patients with T2D and randomly assigned to an exercise program (control group; n = 16) or an exercise program plus a food education program (experimental group; n = 20). Nutrition-related knowledge was assessed through a modified version of the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire. The increase in total nutrition-related knowledge score and sources of nutrients area score was significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. No significant changes in nutrition-related knowledge were found between groups in dietary recommendations and diet-disease relationship areas, although improvements were observed. This community-based food education program, with the use of easy to implement strategies (short-duration lectures and dual-task problem solving activities during exercise), had a positive and encouraging impact on nutrition-related knowledge in middle-aged and older patients with T2D.

Keywords: community-based intervention; food education program; nutrition-related knowledge; type 2 diabetes.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Participants’ flow chart.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Food education program and exercise program timeline.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Food label interpretation during walking exercise. Participants were asked to select, among two, which food label had more carbohydrate, added sugar, fat, or saturated fat.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Traffic light system (individual response) during walking exercise: green color—best food choices; yellow color—choose carefully; red color—foods to avoid.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Traffic light system (group discussion) during walking exercise: green color—best food choices; yellow color—choose carefully; red color—foods to avoid.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Multiple choice answer during walking exercise. Participants were asked to select, among two, which foods had more sugar, fat, saturated fat, glycemic index, or glycemic load.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Multiple choice answer (group discussion) during walking exercise. Participants were asked to select, among two, which foods had more sugar, fat, saturated fat, glycemic index, or glycemic load.

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