Epidemiology of fractures in children and adolescents

Erik M Hedström, Olle Svensson, Ulrica Bergström, Piotr Michno, Erik M Hedström, Olle Svensson, Ulrica Bergström, Piotr Michno

Abstract

Background and purpose: Fractures are most common in youth and in the elderly, with differences in incidence over time and between regions. We present the fracture pattern in a population of youths <or= 19 years of age, who were seen at Umeå University Hospital, Sweden.

Material and methods: All injuries seen at the hospital have been recorded in a database since 1993. The data include variables such as age, sex, date, type of injury, mechanism of injury, and treatment. For the period 1993-2007, there were 10,203 injury events that had resulted in at least 1 fracture.

Results: The incidence for the whole period was 201/10(4) person years. The incidence increased by 13% during the period 1998-2007, when we were able to control for registration errors. The most common fracture site was the distal forearm. The most common type of injury mechanism was falling. The peak incidence occurred at 11-12 years in girls and at 13-14 years in boys, with a male-to-female incidence ratio of 1.5. We found variations in mechanisms and activities at injury with age, and over time.

Interpretation: Fractures are caused by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that vary with age. We believe the increase in incidence is partly explained by changes in children's activity patterns over time. Further research may help to identify preventive measures to reduce the number of fractures, in particular those involving hospital care, surgical treatment, and-most importantly-long-term impairment.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Age- and sex-adjusted incidence for both boys and girls and age-adjusted sex-specific incidence over time.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Sex-specific fracture incidence and incidence ratios for each year of age.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Distribution of injury mechanisms for each year of age.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Sports-related injuries in each sex, broken down by the type of sport practiced at injury.

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