Adjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation is associated with improved survival for resected stage I-II pancreatic cancer

Sung Jun Ma, Gregory M Hermann, Kavitha M Prezzano, Lucas M Serra, Austin J Iovoli, Anurag K Singh, Sung Jun Ma, Gregory M Hermann, Kavitha M Prezzano, Lucas M Serra, Austin J Iovoli, Anurag K Singh

Abstract

Background: This National Cancer Database (NCDB) analysis evaluates the clinical outcomes of postoperative chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation (C + CRT) compared to concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) alone or adjuvant chemotherapy alone (C) for resected pancreatic cancer.

Methods: The NCDB was queried for primary stage I-II, cT1-3N0-1M0, resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated with adjuvant C, CRT, or C + CRT (2004-2015). Patients treated with C + CRT were compared with those treated with C (cohort C) and CRT (cohort CRT). Baseline patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were examined. Kaplan-Meier analysis, multivariable Cox proportional hazards method, forest plot, and propensity score matching were used.

Results: Among 5667 patients, median follow-up was 34.7, 45.2, and 39.7 months for the C, CRT, and C + CRT cohorts, respectively. By multivariable analysis for all patients, C and CRT had worse OS compared to C + CRT. Treatment interactions were seen among pathologically node-positive disease. C + CRT was favored in 1-3 and 4+ positive lymph node diseases when compared to C or CRT alone, but none of the treatment options were significantly favored in node negative disease. Using propensity score matching, 2152 patients for cohort C and 1774 patients for cohort CRT were matched. C + CRT remained significant for improved OS for both cohort C (median OS 23.3 vs 20.0 months) and cohort CRT (median OS 23.4 vs 20.8 months).

Conclusion: This NCDB study using propensity score matched analysis suggests an OS benefit for C + CRT compared to C or CRT alone following surgical resection of pancreatic cancer, particularly for patients with pathologically positive lymph nodes.

Keywords: National Cancer Database; adjuvant chemoradiation; adjuvant chemotherapy; adjuvant radiation; adjuvant therapy; resectable pancreatic cancer.

Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare that they have no competing interests.

© 2019 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
CONSORT diagram for patient selection criteria
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot for subgroup analysis. C, adjuvant chemotherapy; C + CRT, adjuvant chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation; CI, confidence interval; CRT, chemoradiation; HR, hazards ratio; LN, lymph node; No., number of patients
Figure 3
Figure 3
Overall survival for cohort C after matching. P < 0.001. C, adjuvant chemotherapy; C + CRT, adjuvant chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation
Figure 4
Figure 4
Overall survival for cohort CRT after matching. P < 0.001. CRT, adjuvant chemoradiation; C + CRT, adjuvant chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation

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