Alterations in left ventricular, left atrial, and right ventricular structure and function to cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with type 2 diabetes participating in the TODAY clinical trial
Lorraine Levitt Katz, Samuel S Gidding, Fida Bacha, Kathryn Hirst, Siripoom McKay, Laura Pyle, Joao A C Lima, TODAY Study Group, S McKay, M Haymond, B Anderson, C Bush, S Gunn, H Holden, S M Jones, G Jeha, S McGirk, S Thamotharan, L Cuttler, E Abrams, T Casey, W Dahms, C Ievers-Landis, B Kaminski, M Koontz, S MacLeish, P McGuigan, S Narasimhan, M Geffner, V Barraza, N Chang, B Conrad, D Dreimane, S Estrada, L Fisher, E Fleury-Milfort, S Hernandez, B Hollen, F Kaufman, E Law, V Mansilla, D Miller, C Muñoz, R Ortiz, A Ward, K Wexler, Y K Xu, P Yasuda, L Levitt Katz, R Berkowitz, S Boyd, B Johnson, J Kaplan, C Keating, C Lassiter, T Lipman, G McGinley, H McKnight, B Schwartzman, S Willi, S Arslanian, F Bacha, S Foster, B Galvin, T Hannon, A Kriska, I Libman, M Marcus, K Porter, T Songer, E Venditti, R Goland, D Gallagher, P Kringas, N Leibel, D Ng, M Ovalles, D Seidman Joslin, L Laffel, A Goebel-Fabbri, M Hall, L Higgins, J Keady, M Malloy, K Milaszewski, L Rasbach, D M Nathan, A Angelescu, L Bissett, C Ciccarelli, L Delahanty, V Goldman, O Hardy, M Larkin, L Levitsky, R McEachern, D Norman, D Nwosu, S Park-Bennett, D Richards, N Sherry, B Steiner, S Tollefsen, S Carnes, D Dempsher, D Flomo, T Whelan, B Wolff, R Weinstock, D Bowerman, S Bristol, J Bulger, J Hartsig, R Izquierdo, J Kearns, R Saletsky, P Trief, P Zeitler, N Abramson, A Bradhurst, N Celona-Jacobs, J Higgins, M Kelsey, G Klingensmith, K Nadeau, T Witten, K Copeland, E Boss, R Brown, J Chadwick, L Chalmers, S Chernausek, A Hebensperger, C Macha, R Newgent, A Nordyke, D Olson, T Poulsen, L Pratt, J Preske, J Schanuel, S Sternlof, J Lynch, N Amodei, R Barajas, C Cody, D Hale, J Hernandez, C Ibarra, E Morales, S Rivera, G Rupert, A Wauters, N White, A Arbeláez, D Flomo, J Jones, T Jones, M Sadler, M Tanner, A Timpson, R Welch, S Caprio, M Grey, C Guandalini, S Lavietes, P Rose, A Syme, W Tamborlane, K Hirst, S Edelstein, P Feit, N Grover, C Long, L Pyle, B Linder, S M Marcovina, J Harting, J Shepherd, B Fan, L Marquez, M Sherman, J Wang, M Nichols, E Mayer-Davis, Y Liu, J Lima, S Gidding, J Puccella, E Ricketts, R Danis, A Domalpally, A Goulding, S Neill, P Vargo, D Wilfley, D Aldrich-Rasche, K Franklin, C Massmann, D O'Brien, J Patterson, T Tibbs, D Van Buren, M Palmert, R Ratner, D Dremaine, J Silverstein, Lorraine Levitt Katz, Samuel S Gidding, Fida Bacha, Kathryn Hirst, Siripoom McKay, Laura Pyle, Joao A C Lima, TODAY Study Group, S McKay, M Haymond, B Anderson, C Bush, S Gunn, H Holden, S M Jones, G Jeha, S McGirk, S Thamotharan, L Cuttler, E Abrams, T Casey, W Dahms, C Ievers-Landis, B Kaminski, M Koontz, S MacLeish, P McGuigan, S Narasimhan, M Geffner, V Barraza, N Chang, B Conrad, D Dreimane, S Estrada, L Fisher, E Fleury-Milfort, S Hernandez, B Hollen, F Kaufman, E Law, V Mansilla, D Miller, C Muñoz, R Ortiz, A Ward, K Wexler, Y K Xu, P Yasuda, L Levitt Katz, R Berkowitz, S Boyd, B Johnson, J Kaplan, C Keating, C Lassiter, T Lipman, G McGinley, H McKnight, B Schwartzman, S Willi, S Arslanian, F Bacha, S Foster, B Galvin, T Hannon, A Kriska, I Libman, M Marcus, K Porter, T Songer, E Venditti, R Goland, D Gallagher, P Kringas, N Leibel, D Ng, M Ovalles, D Seidman Joslin, L Laffel, A Goebel-Fabbri, M Hall, L Higgins, J Keady, M Malloy, K Milaszewski, L Rasbach, D M Nathan, A Angelescu, L Bissett, C Ciccarelli, L Delahanty, V Goldman, O Hardy, M Larkin, L Levitsky, R McEachern, D Norman, D Nwosu, S Park-Bennett, D Richards, N Sherry, B Steiner, S Tollefsen, S Carnes, D Dempsher, D Flomo, T Whelan, B Wolff, R Weinstock, D Bowerman, S Bristol, J Bulger, J Hartsig, R Izquierdo, J Kearns, R Saletsky, P Trief, P Zeitler, N Abramson, A Bradhurst, N Celona-Jacobs, J Higgins, M Kelsey, G Klingensmith, K Nadeau, T Witten, K Copeland, E Boss, R Brown, J Chadwick, L Chalmers, S Chernausek, A Hebensperger, C Macha, R Newgent, A Nordyke, D Olson, T Poulsen, L Pratt, J Preske, J Schanuel, S Sternlof, J Lynch, N Amodei, R Barajas, C Cody, D Hale, J Hernandez, C Ibarra, E Morales, S Rivera, G Rupert, A Wauters, N White, A Arbeláez, D Flomo, J Jones, T Jones, M Sadler, M Tanner, A Timpson, R Welch, S Caprio, M Grey, C Guandalini, S Lavietes, P Rose, A Syme, W Tamborlane, K Hirst, S Edelstein, P Feit, N Grover, C Long, L Pyle, B Linder, S M Marcovina, J Harting, J Shepherd, B Fan, L Marquez, M Sherman, J Wang, M Nichols, E Mayer-Davis, Y Liu, J Lima, S Gidding, J Puccella, E Ricketts, R Danis, A Domalpally, A Goulding, S Neill, P Vargo, D Wilfley, D Aldrich-Rasche, K Franklin, C Massmann, D O'Brien, J Patterson, T Tibbs, D Van Buren, M Palmert, R Ratner, D Dremaine, J Silverstein
Abstract
Data on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adolescents with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are limited. Echocardiography was performed in the last year of the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) clinical trial (median 4½ yr from diagnosis of T2D, average age 18 yr), including MMode and 2D measurements of left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) dimensions, LV tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). Relationships between cardiac structure and function with demographic characteristics and baseline and change-from-baseline in CVD risk factors were examined in 455 participants. Mean LV mass (LVM) was high/normal and 16.2% had adverse LV geometry (8.1% concentric geometry, 4.5% LV hypertrophy, and 3.6% both). Determinants of higher LVM were male gender, black race, baseline and increasing body mass index (BMI), baseline and increasing systolic blood pressure (SBP), use of blood pressure (BP) medications, maintenance of glycemic control, and smoking; heart rate (HR) was inversely related. LV shortening fraction was high/normal and related to increasing BMI and higher baseline SBP. LV relative wall thickness was related to race-ethnicity, change in BMI, baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and baseline and change in SBP. Mean LA internal dimension was high/normal and gender, baseline and increasing BMI, increasing SBP, and HR (inverse) were related. LV TDI was positively related to obesity (higher with adverse geometry). TAPSE was normal and related to higher baseline BMI and lower HR. There was no effect of T2D treatment on cardiac target organ injury. Adolescents with T2D have adverse measures of cardiac structure and function positively related to BMI and BP.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00081328.
Keywords: echocardiography; left ventricular hypertrophy.
Conflict of interest statement
Author disclosure, funding, and conflict of interest statements
None of the members of the writing group have a conflict to disclose.
The study was funded by NIDDK/NIH, and the scientific program officer was involved in all aspects of the design and development of TODAY but is not a member of the writing group for this manuscript.
Donations from the following companies in support of the study’s efforts are acknowledged, but none participated in study design, conduct, data analysis, or report: Becton, Dickinson and Company; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Eli Lilly and Company; GlaxoSmithKline; LifeScan, Inc.; Pfizer; Sanofi Aventis.
Lorraine Levitt Katz and Samuel S. Gidding wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All members of the writing group had levels of effort on the study grant for responsibilities that did not include producing the manuscript.
© 2014 The Authors. Pediatric Diabetes published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Source: PubMed