Protocol for a feasibility study of group-based focused psychosocial support to improve the psychosocial well-being and functioning of adults affected by humanitarian crises in Nepal: Group Problem Management Plus (PM+)

Manaswi Sangraula, Edith Van't Hof, Nagendra P Luitel, Elizabeth L Turner, Kedar Marahatta, Jolene H Nakao, Mark van Ommeren, Mark J D Jordans, Brandon A Kohrt, Manaswi Sangraula, Edith Van't Hof, Nagendra P Luitel, Elizabeth L Turner, Kedar Marahatta, Jolene H Nakao, Mark van Ommeren, Mark J D Jordans, Brandon A Kohrt

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of common mental disorders increases in humanitarian emergencies while access to services to address them decreases. Problem Management Plus (PM+) is a brief five-session trans-diagnostic psychological WHO intervention employing empirically supported strategies that can be delivered by non-specialist lay-providers under specialist supervision to adults impaired by distress. Two recent randomized controlled trials in Pakistan and Kenya demonstrated the efficacy of individually delivered PM+. To make PM+ more scalable and acceptable in different contexts, it is important to develop a group version as well, with 6-8 participants in session. A study is needed to demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of both the intervention in a new cultural context and the procedures to evaluate Group PM+ in a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Methods: This protocol describes a feasibility trial to Group PM+ in Sindhuli, Nepal. This study will evaluate procedures for a cluster randomized controlled trial (c-RCT) with Village Development Committees (VDCs), which are the second smallest unit of government administration, as the unit of randomization. Adults with high levels of psychological distress and functional impairment will receive either Group PM+ (n = 60) or enhanced usual care (EUC; n = 60). Psychological distress, functional impairment, depression symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and perceived problems will be measured during screening, pre-treatment baseline, and 7-10 days after the intervention. Qualitative data will be collected from beneficiaries, their families, local stakeholders, and staff to support quantitative data and to identify themes reporting that those involved and/or effected by Group PM+ perceived it as being acceptable, feasible, and useful. The primary objective of this trial is to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention; to identify issues around implementation of local adaptation methods, training, supervision, and outcomes measures; and to assure that procedures are adequate for a subsequent effectiveness c-RCT.

Discussion: Outcomes from this trial will contribute to optimizing feasibility and acceptability through cultural adaptation and contextualization of the intervention as well as refining the design for a c-RCT, which will evaluate the effectiveness of Group PM+ in Nepal.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03359486.

Keywords: Group interventions; Humanitarian emergencies; Low- and middle-income countries; Mental health; Non-specialists.

Conflict of interest statement

Ethical approval has been received from the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC) and the World Health Organization.Not applicable.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart for Group PM+ cluster randomized controlled trial. Flow diagram from recruitment to end line assessment for participants/respondents in control and intervention VDCs. Gray box represents intervention. Abbreviations: CIDT, Community Informant Detection Tool (see the “Recruitment” section). VDC, Village Development Committee

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