The effect of exercise intensity on endothelial function in physically inactive lean and obese adults

Rachel Hallmark, James T Patrie, Zhenqi Liu, Glenn A Gaesser, Eugene J Barrett, Arthur Weltman, Rachel Hallmark, James T Patrie, Zhenqi Liu, Glenn A Gaesser, Eugene J Barrett, Arthur Weltman

Abstract

Purpose: To examine the effects of exercise intensity on acute changes in endothelial function in lean and obese adults.

Methods: Sixteen lean (BMI <25, age 23 ± 3 yr) and 10 obese (BMI >30, age 26 ± 6 yr) physically inactive adults were studied during 3 randomized admissions [control (C, no exercise), moderate-intensity exercise (M, @ lactate threshold (LT)) and high-intensity exercise (H, midway between LT and VO2peak) (30 min)]. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) at baseline and 1, 2, and 4 h post-exercise.

Results: RM ANCOVA revealed significant main effects for group, time, and group x condition interaction (p<0.05). A diurnal increase in FMD was observed in lean but not obese subjects. Lean subjects exhibited greater increases in FMD than obese subjects (p = 0.0005). In the obese group a trend was observed for increases in FMD at 2- and 4-hr after M (p = 0.08). For lean subjects, FMD was significantly elevated at all time points after H. The increase in FMD after H in lean subjects (3.2 ± 0.5%) was greater than after both C (1.7 ± 0.4%, p = 0.015) and M (1.4 ± 0.4%, p = 0.002). FMD responses of lean and obese subjects significantly differed after C and H, but not after M.

Conclusion: In lean young adults, high-intensity exercise acutely enhances endothelial function, while moderate-intensity exercise has no significant effect above that seen in the absence of exercise. The FMD response of obese adults is blunted compared to lean adults. Diurnal variation should be considered when examining the effects of acute exercise on FMD.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1. Baseline (pre-cuff inflation) brachial artery…
Figure 1. Baseline (pre-cuff inflation) brachial artery diameter (mean±SE; * P
Figure 2. Flow mediated dilation (FMD) responses…
Figure 2. Flow mediated dilation (FMD) responses of lean subjects during the control moderate intensity and high intensity exercise conditions.
Figure 3. Flow mediated dilation (FMD) responses…
Figure 3. Flow mediated dilation (FMD) responses of obese subjects during the control moderate intensity and high intensity exercise conditions.
Statistical analyses revealed the following: No significant differences between lean and obese subjects at baseline for any condition; FMD in lean subjects increased significantly compared to baseline at 2 h and 4 h in the absence of exercise (p

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