MUC1: Structure, Function, and Clinic Application in Epithelial Cancers

Wenqing Chen, Zhu Zhang, Shiqing Zhang, Peili Zhu, Joshua Ka-Shun Ko, Ken Kin-Lam Yung, Wenqing Chen, Zhu Zhang, Shiqing Zhang, Peili Zhu, Joshua Ka-Shun Ko, Ken Kin-Lam Yung

Abstract

The transmembrane glycoprotein mucin 1 (MUC1) is a mucin family member that has different functions in normal and cancer cells. Owing to its structural and biochemical properties, MUC1 can act as a lubricant, moisturizer, and physical barrier in normal cells. However, in cancer cells, MUC1 often undergoes aberrant glycosylation and overexpression. It is involved in cancer invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and apoptosis by virtue of its participation in intracellular signaling processes and the regulation of related biomolecules. This review introduces the biological structure and different roles of MUC1 in normal and cancer cells and the regulatory mechanisms governing these roles. It also evaluates current research progress and the clinical applications of MUC1 in cancer therapy based on its characteristics.

Keywords: MUC1; MUC1 cell barrier; epithelial cancer; immunotherapy; therapeutic biomarkers; tumor oncogene.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structure of MUC1 in normal tissues and diseased tissues. (A) The structure of MUC1 in normal tissues; (B) The structure of MUC1 in diseased tissues.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Different function of MUC1 in health or cancer tissues. (A) The function of MUC1 in normal tissues; (B) The function and its main pathways of MUC1 in cancer tissues.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Clinical applications of MUC1.

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