MACC1 as a Potential Target for the Treatment and Prevention of Breast Cancer

Mengmeng Lv, Yunjuan Jiao, Bowen Yang, Mengchen Ye, Wenyu Di, Wei Su, Jiateng Zhong, Mengmeng Lv, Yunjuan Jiao, Bowen Yang, Mengchen Ye, Wenyu Di, Wei Su, Jiateng Zhong

Abstract

Metastasis associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) is an oncogene first identified in colon cancer. MACC1 has been identified in more than 20 different types of solid cancers. It is a key prognostic biomarker in clinical practice and is involved in recurrence, metastasis, and survival in many types of human cancers. MACC1 is significantly associated with the primary tumor, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis classification, and clinical staging in patients with breast cancer (BC), and MACC1 overexpression is associated with reduced recurrence-free survival (RFS) and worse overall survival (OS) in patients. In addition, MACC1 is involved in BC progression in multiple ways. MACC1 promotes the immune escape of BC cells by affecting the infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Since the FGD5AS1/miR-497/MACC1 axis inhibits the apoptotic pathway in radiation-resistant BC tissues and cell lines, the MACC1 gene may play an important role in BC resistance to radiation. Since MACC1 is involved in numerous biological processes inside and outside BC cells, it is a key player in the tumor microenvironment. Focusing on MACC1, this article briefly discusses its biological effects, emphasizes its molecular mechanisms and pathways of action, and describes its use in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer.

Keywords: MACC1; breast cancer; immune escape; radiation resistance; tumor microenvironment.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
MACC1 domain and potential function. Interaction motifs for clathrin-mediated endocytosis (clathrin box, NPF, DPF); the functions of the ZU5 domain at MACC1 N-terminus are mainly associated with apoptosis; proline-rich motifs (KxxPxP) and SH3 (Src homology domain) domains play a part in interactions between proteins; there are two death domain family (DD) domains at MACC1 C-terminus.
Figure 2
Figure 2
MACC1 effectors, signaling mechanisms, and biological responses. MACC1 is involved in a variety of cancer hallmark functions such as proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis resistance, angiogenesis and Warburg through transcriptional activation of its key target molecules HGF/c-Met, Akt, TWIST1/2, MAPK, Nanog/Oct-4, and STAT.

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Source: PubMed

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