Taste and food reinforcement in non-overweight youth

Leonard H Epstein, Katelyn A Carr, Jennifer L Scheid, Eden Gebre, Alexis O'Brien, Rocco A Paluch, Jennifer L Temple, Leonard H Epstein, Katelyn A Carr, Jennifer L Scheid, Eden Gebre, Alexis O'Brien, Rocco A Paluch, Jennifer L Temple

Abstract

Food reinforcement is related to increased energy intake, cross-sectionally related to obesity and prospectively related to weight gain in children, adolescents and adults. There is very limited research on how different characteristics of food are related to food reinforcement, and none on how foods from different taste categories (sweet, savory, salty) are related to food reinforcement. We tested differences in food reinforcement for favorite foods in these categories and used a reinforcing value questionnaire to assess how food reinforcement was related to energy intake in 198 non-overweight 8- to 12-year-old children. Results showed stronger food reinforcement for sweet foods in comparison to savory or salty foods. In multiple regression models, controlling for child sex, minority status and age, average reinforcing value was related to total energy and fat intake, and reinforcing value of savory foods was related to total energy and fat intake. Factor analysis showed one factor, the motivation to eat, rather than separate factors based on different taste categories. Liking ratings were unrelated to total energy intake. These results suggest that while there are differences in the reinforcing value of food by taste groups, there are no strong differences in the relationship between reinforcing value of food by taste groups and energy or macronutrient intake.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02229552.

Keywords: Children; Energy intake; Liking; Reinforcing value; Taste.

Conflict of interest statement

The other authors have no conflict of interest.

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Relative reinforcing value (schedule switchpoint, Figure 1A) and liking (Figure 1B, mean ± SD) and the number of children who continued to respond for each schedule of the reinforcing value questionnaire (Figure 1C) for children provided foods from sweet, savory and salty food groups. Analysis of variance showed differences in reinforcing value by food groups (p

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