Effects and Mechanisms of Fruit and Vegetable Juices on Cardiovascular Diseases

Jie Zheng, Yue Zhou, Sha Li, Pei Zhang, Tong Zhou, Dong-Ping Xu, Hua-Bin Li, Jie Zheng, Yue Zhou, Sha Li, Pei Zhang, Tong Zhou, Dong-Ping Xu, Hua-Bin Li

Abstract

Many studies have indicated that consumption of vegetables and fruits are positively related to lower incidence of several chronic noncommunicable diseases. Although composition of fruit and vegetable juices is different from that of the edible portion of fruits and vegetables, they contain polyphenols and vitamins from fruits and vegetables. Drinking vegetable and fruit juices is very popular in many countries, and also an efficient way to improve consumption of fruits and vegetables. The studies showed that fruit and vegetable juices affect cardiovascular risk factors, such as lowering blood pressure and improving blood lipid profiles. The main mechanisms of action included antioxidant effects, improvement of the aspects of the cardiovascular system, inhibition of platelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory effects, and prevention of hyperhomocysteinemia. Drinking juices might be a potential way to improve cardiovascular health, especially mixtures of juices because they contain a variety of polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals from different fruits and vegetables. This review summarizes recent studies on the effects of fruit and vegetable juices on indicators of cardiovascular disease, and special attention is paid to the mechanisms of action.

Keywords: blood pressure; cardiovascular disease; cholesterol; fruit juice; vegetable juice.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

    1. Deng G.F., Lin X., Xu X.R., Gao L.L., Xie J.F., Li H.B. Antioxidant capacities and total phenolic contents of 56 vegetables. J. Funct. Foods. 2013;5:260–266. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.10.015.
    1. Fu L., Xu B.T., Xu X.R., Gan R.Y., Zhang Y., Xia E.Q., Li H.B. Antioxidant capacities and total phenolic contents of 62 fruits. Food Chem. 2011;129:345–350. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.079.
    1. Deng G.F., Shen C., Xu X.R., Kuang R.D., Guo Y.J., Zeng L.S., Gao L.L., Lin X., Xie J.F., Xia E.Q., et al. Potential of fruit wastes as natural resources of bioactive compounds. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012;13:8308–8323. doi: 10.3390/ijms13078308.
    1. Fu L., Xu B.T., Xu X.R., Qin X.S., Gan R.Y., Li H.B. Antioxidant capacities and total phenolic contents of 56 wild fruits from South China. Molecules. 2010;15:8602–8617. doi: 10.3390/molecules15128602.
    1. Deng G.F., Xu X.R., Guo Y.J., Xia E.Q., Li S., Wu S., Chen F., Ling W.H., Li H.B. Determination of antioxidant property and their lipophilic and hydrophilic phenolic contents in cereal grains. J. Funct. Foods. 2012;4:906–914. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.06.008.
    1. Li H.B., Cheng K.W., Wong C.C., Fan K.W., Chen F., Jiang Y. Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of different fractions of selected microalgae. Food Chem. 2007;102:771–776. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.022.
    1. Guo Y.J., Deng G.F., Xu X.R., Wu S., Li S., Xia E.Q., Li F., Chen F., Ling W.H., Li H.B. Antioxidant capacities, phenolic compounds and polysaccharide contents of 49 edible macro-fungi. Food Funct. 2012;3:1195–1205. doi: 10.1039/c2fo30110e.
    1. Li A.N., Li S., Li H.B., Xu D.P., Xu X.R., Chen F. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of 51 edible and wild flowers. J. Funct. Foods. 2014;6:319–330. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.10.022.
    1. Li S., Li S.K., Gan R.Y., Song F.L., Kuang L., Li H.B. Antioxidant capacities and total phenolic contents of infusions from 223 medicinal plants. Ind. Crops Prod. 2013;51:289–298. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.09.017.
    1. Song F.L., Gan R.Y., Zhang Y., Xiao Q., Kuang L., Li H.B. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of selected Chinese medicinal plants. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010;11:2362–2372. doi: 10.3390/ijms11062362.
    1. Fu L., Xu B.T., Gan R.Y., Zhang Y., Xu X.R., Xia E.Q., Li H.B. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of herbal and tea infusions. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011;12:2112–2124. doi: 10.3390/ijms12042112.
    1. Zhou Y., Li Y., Zhou T., Zheng J., Li S., Li H.B. Dietary natural products for prevention and treatment of liver cancer. Nutrients. 2016;8:156. doi: 10.3390/nu8030156.
    1. Li F., Li S., Li H.B., Deng G.F., Ling W.H., Wu S., Xu X.R., Chen F. Antiproliferative activity of peels, pulps and seeds of 61 fruits. J. Funct. Foods. 2013;5:1298–1309. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.04.016.
    1. Xia E.Q., Deng G.F., Guo Y.J., Li H.B. Biological activities of polyphenols from grapes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010;11:622–646. doi: 10.3390/ijms11020622.
    1. Li F., Li S., Li H.B., Deng G.F., Ling W.H., Xu X.R. Antiproliferative activities of tea and herbal infusions. Food Funct. 2013;4:530–538. doi: 10.1039/c2fo30252g.
    1. Li A.N., Li S., Zhang Y.J., Xu X.R., Chen Y.M., Li H.B. Resources and biological activities of natural polyphenols. Nutrients. 2014;6:6020–6047. doi: 10.3390/nu6126020.
    1. Drossard C., Frohling B., Bolzenius K., Dietrich H., Kunz C., Kersting M. Liking of anthocyanin-rich juices by children and adolescents. Appetite. 2012;58:623–628. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.01.002.
    1. Bhardwaj R.L., Nandal U., Pal A., Jain S. Bioactive compounds and medicinal properties of fruit juices. Fruits. 2014;69:391–412. doi: 10.1051/fruits/2014027.
    1. Singh G.M., Micha R., Khatibzadeh S., Shi P.L., Lim S., Andrews K.G., Engell R.E., Ezzati M., Mozaffarian D. Global, regional, and national consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juices, and milk: A systematic assessment of beverage intake in 187 countries. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0124845. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124845.
    1. Starek M., Guja A., Dabrowska M., Krzek J. Assay of β-carotene in dietary supplements and fruit juices by TLC-densitometry. Food Anal. Methods. 2015;8:1347–1355. doi: 10.1007/s12161-014-0019-0.
    1. Peluso I., Villano D.V., Roberts S.A., Cesqui E., Raguzzini A., Borges G., Crozier A., Catasta G., Toti E., Serafini M. Consumption of mixed fruit-juice drink and vitamin C reduces postprandial stress induced by a high fat meal in healthy overweight subjects. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2014;20:1020–1024. doi: 10.2174/138161282006140220144802.
    1. Rodriguez-Roque M.J., Rojas-Grau M.A., Elez-Martinez P., Martin-Belloso O. In vitro bioaccessibility of health-related compounds as affected by the formulation of fruit juice- and milk-based beverages. Food Res. Int. 2014;62:771–778. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.04.037.
    1. Eriksen A., Tillin T., O’Connor L., Brage S., Hughes A., Mayet J., McKeigue P., Whincup P., Chaturvedi N., Forouhi N.G. The impact of health behaviours on incident cardiovascular disease in europeans and south asians−A prospective analysis in the UK SABRE study. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0117364. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117364.
    1. Okuda N., Miura K., Okayama A., Okamura T., Abbott R.D., Nishi N., Fujiyoshi A., Kita Y., Nakamura Y., Miyagawa N., et al. Fruit and vegetable intake and mortality from cardiovascular disease in Japan: A 24-year follow-up of the NIPPON DATA80 study. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2015;69:482–488. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.276.
    1. Sikand G., Kris-Etherton P., Boulos N.M. Impact of functional foods on prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Curr. Cardiol. Rep. 2015;17:39. doi: 10.1007/s11886-015-0593-9.
    1. Trude A., Kharmats A., Jock B., Liu D., Lee K., Martins P.A., Pardilla M., Swartz J., Gittelsohn J. Patterns of food consumption are associated with obesity, self-reported diabetes and cardiovascular disease in five american indian communities. Ecol. Food Nutr. 2015;54:437–454. doi: 10.1080/03670244.2014.922070.
    1. Appel L.J., Moore T.J., Obarzanek E., Vollmer W.M., Svetkey L.P., Sacks F.M., Bray G.A., Vogt T.M., Cutler J.A., Windhauser M.M., et al. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. N. Engl. J. Med. 1997;336:1117–1124. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199704173361601.
    1. Kris-Etherton P., Eckel R.H., Howard B.V., St Jeor S., Bazzarre T.L. Lyon diet heart study—Benefits of a mediterranean-style, national cholesterol education program/American heart association step I dietary pattern on cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2001;103:1823–1825. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.103.13.1823.
    1. Chaturvedi S. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC 7): Is it really practical? Natl. Med. J. India. 2004;17:227.
    1. Hallikainen M.A., Uusitupa M.I. Effects of 2 low-fat stanol ester-containing margarines on serum cholesterol concentrations as part of a low-fat diet in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999;69:403–410.
    1. Hallikainen M.A., Sarkkinen E.S., Uusitupa M.I. Effects of low-fat stanol ester enriched margarines on concentrations of serum carotenoids in subjects with elevated serum cholesterol concentrations. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999;53:966–969. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600882.
    1. Deurenberg-Yap M., Li T., Tan W.L., van Staveren W.A., Chew S.K., Deurenberg P. Can dietary factors explain differences in serum cholesterol profiles among different ethnic groups (Chinese, Malays and Indians) in Singapore? Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 2001;10:39–45. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-6047.2001.00202.x.
    1. Qin Y., Xia M., Ma J., Hao Y.T., Liu J., Mou H., Cao L., Ling W.H. Anthocyanin supplementation improves serum LDL- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations associated with the inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in dyslipidemic subjects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009;90:485–492. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27814.
    1. Shenoy S.F., Kazaks A.G., Holt R.R., Chen H.J., Winters B.L., Khoo C.S., Poston W., Haddock C.K., Reeves R.S., Foreyt J.P., et al. The use of a commercial vegetable juice as a practical means to increase vegetable intake: A randomized controlled trial. Nutr. J. 2010;9:38. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-9-38.
    1. Zheng R.Z., Zhou D., Zhu Y.M. The long-term prognosis of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality for metabolically healthy obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Epidemiol. Community Health. 2016;70:1024–1031. doi: 10.1136/jech-2015-206948.
    1. Fan H.M., Li X.L., Zheng L., Chen X.L., Lan Q., Wu H., Ding X.G., Qian D.G., Shen Y.X., Yu Z.R., et al. Abdominal obesity is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in elderly and very elderly community-dwelling Chinese. Sci. Rep. 2016;6:21521. doi: 10.1038/srep21521.
    1. Zeng Q., Dong S.Y., Wang M.L., Li J.M., Ren C.L., Gao C.Q. Obesity and novel cardiovascular markers in a population without diabetes and cardiovascular disease in China. Prev. Med. 2016;91:62–69. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.08.001.
    1. Fuster J.J., Ouchi N., Gokce N., Walsh K. Obesity-induced changes in adipose tissue microenvironment and their impact on cardiovascular disease. Circ. Res. 2016;118:1786–1807. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306885.
    1. Morgan R.E. Does consumption of high-fructose corn syrup beverages cause obesity in children? Pediatr. Obes. 2013;8:249–254. doi: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00173.x.
    1. Imamura F., O’Connor L., Ye Z., Mursu J., Hayashino Y., Bhupathiraju S.N., Forouhi N.G. Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction. Br. J. Sports Med. 2016;50:484–496. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-h3576rep.
    1. Heazlewood V., Kotseva K., Turner E.L., Wood D. Blood pressure control in patients with coronary heart disease is facilitated by fruit and vegetable intake. Eur. Heart J. 2011;321:108.
    1. Du H., Li L., Bennett D., Guo Y., Bian Z., Chen J., Key T., Collins R., Peto R., Chen Z. Fresh fruit consumption, blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk: A prospective cohort study of 0.5 million adults in the China kadoorie biobank. Eur. Heart J. 2014;351:725.
    1. Pienovi L., Lara M., Bustos P., Amigo H. Fruit and vegetable intake, and blood pressure: A population research. Arch. Latinoam. Nutr. 2015;65:21–26.
    1. Reshef N., Hayari Y., Goren C., Boaz M., Madar Z., Knobler H. Antihypertensive effect of sweetie fruit in patients with stage I hypertension. Am. J. Hypertens. 2005;18:1360–1363. doi: 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.05.021.
    1. Asgary S., Sahebkar A., Afshani M.R., Keshvari M., Haghjooyjavanmard S., Rafieian-Kopaei M. Clinical evaluation of blood pressure lowering, endothelial function improving, hypolipidemic and anti-Inflammatory effects of pomegranate juice in hypertensive subjects. Phytother. Res. 2014;28:193–199. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4977.
    1. Liu K., Xing A.H., Chen K., Wang B., Zhou R., Chen S.H., Xu H.X., Mi M.T. Effect of fruit juice on cholesterol and blood pressure in adults: A meta-analysis of 19 randomized controlled trials. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e61420. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061420.
    1. Webb A.J., Patel N., Loukogeorgakis S., Okorie M., Aboud Z., Misra S., Rashid R., Miall P., Deanfield J., Benjamin N., et al. Acute blood pressure lowering, vasoprotective, and antiplatelet properties of dietary nitrate via bioconversion to nitrite. Hypertension. 2008;51:784–790. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.103523.
    1. Kapil V., Milsom A.B., Okorie M., Maleki-Toyserkani S., Akram F., Rehman F., Arghandawi S., Pearl V., Benjamin N., Loukogeorgakis S., et al. Inorganic nitrate supplementation lowers blood pressure in humans role for nitrite-derived NO. Hypertension. 2010;56:274–281. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.153536.
    1. Hobbs D.A., Kaffa N., George T.W., Methven L., Lovegrove J.A. Blood pressure-lowering effects of beetroot juice and novel beetroot-enriched bread products in normotensive male subjects. Br. J. Nutr. 2012;108:2066–2074. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512000190.
    1. Coles L.T., Clifton P.M. Effect of beetroot juice on lowering blood pressure in free-living, disease-free adults: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Nutr. J. 2012;11:106. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-106.
    1. Potter A.S., Foroudi S., Stamatikos A., Patil B.S., Deyhim F. Drinking carrot juice increases total antioxidant status and decreases lipid peroxidation in adults. Nutr. J. 2011;10:96. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-96.
    1. Houston M.C., Cooil B., Olafsson B.J., Raggi P. Juice powder concentrate and systemic blood pressure, progression of coronary artery calcium and antioxidant status in hypertensive subjects: A pilot study. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. 2007;4:455–462. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel108.
    1. Habauzit V., Verny M.A., Milenkovic D., Barber-Chamoux N., Mazur A., Dubray C., Morand C. Flavanones protect from arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women consuming grapefruit juice for 6 mo: A randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2015;102:66–74. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.104646.
    1. Foroudi S., Potter A.S., Stamatikos A., Patil B.S., Deyhim F. Drinking orange juice increases total antioxidant status and decreases lipid peroxidation in adults. J. Med. Food. 2014;17:612–617. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0034.
    1. Ravn-Haren G., Dragsted L.O., Buch-Andersen T., Jensen E.N., Jensen R.I., Nemeth-Balogh M., Paulovicsova B., Bergstrom A., Wilcks A., Licht T.R., et al. Intake of whole apples or clear apple juice has contrasting effects on plasma lipids in healthy volunteers. Eur. J. Nutr. 2013;52:1875–1889. doi: 10.1007/s00394-012-0489-z.
    1. Thaptimthong T., Kasemsuk T., Sibmooh N., Unchern S. Platelet inhibitory effects of juices from Pachyrhizus erosus L. root and Psidium guajava L. fruit: A randomized controlled trial in healthy volunteers. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2016;16:269. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1255-1.
    1. Kent K., Charlton K.E., Jenner A., Roodenrys S. Acute reduction in blood pressure following consumption of anthocyanin-rich cherry juice may be dose-interval dependant: A pilot cross-over study. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 2016;67:47–52. doi: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1121472.
    1. Tjelle T.E., Holtung L., Bohn S.K., Aaby K., Thoresen M., Wiik S.A., Paur I., Karlsen A.S., Retterstol K., Iversen P.O., et al. Polyphenol-rich juices reduce blood pressure measures in a randomised controlled trial in high normal and hypertensive volunteers. Br. J. Nutr. 2015;114:1054–1063. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515000562.
    1. Cho M.R., Han J.H., Lee H.J., Park Y.K., Kang M.H. Purple grape juice supplementation in smokers and antioxidant status according to different types of GST polymorphisms. J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr. 2015;56:49–56. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.14-1.
    1. Gilchrist M., Winyard P.G., Aizawa K., Anning C., Shore A., Benjamin N. Effect of dietary nitrate on blood pressure, endothelial function, and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2013;60:89–97. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.024.
    1. Asgary S., Afshani M.R., Sahebkar A., Keshvari M., Taheri M., Jahanian E., Rafieian-Kopaei M., Malekian F., Sarrafzadegan N. Improvement of hypertension, endothelial function and systemic inflammation following short-term supplementation with red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) juice: A randomized crossover pilot study. J. Hum. Hypertens. 2016;30:627–632. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2016.34.
    1. Bondonno C.P., Liu A.H., Croft K.D., Ward N.C., Shinde S., Moodley Y., Lundberg J.O., Puddey I.B., Woodman R.J., Hodgson J.M. Absence of an effect of high nitrate intake from beetroot juice on blood pressure in treated hypertensive individuals: A randomized controlled trial. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2015;102:368–375. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.101188.
    1. Shenoy S.F., Poston W., Reeves R.S., Kazaks A.G., Holt R.R., Keen C.L., Chen H.J., Haddock C.K., Winters B.L., Khoo C., et al. Weight loss in individuals with metabolic syndrome given DASH diet counseling when provided a low sodium vegetable juice: A randomized controlled trial. Nutr. J. 2010;9:8. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-9-8.
    1. Aptekmann N.P., Cesar T.B. Long-term orange juice consumption is associated with low LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in normal and moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Lipids Health Dis. 2013;12:119. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-12-119.
    1. Sadowska-Krepa E., Klapcinska B., Podgorski T., Szade B., Tyl K., Hadzik A. Effects of supplementation with acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) berry-based juice blend on the blood antioxidant defence capacity and lipid profile in junior hurdlers. A pilot study. Biol. Sport. 2015;32:161–168. doi: 10.5604/20831862.1144419.
    1. Soriano-Maldonado A., Hidalgo M., Arteaga P., de Pascual-Teresa S., Nova E. Effects of regular consumption of vitamin C-rich or polyphenol-rich apple juice on cardiometabolic markers in healthy adults: A randomized crossover trial. Eur. J. Nutr. 2014;53:1645–1657. doi: 10.1007/s00394-014-0670-7.
    1. Duffey K.J., Sutherland L.A. Adult consumers of cranberry juice cocktail have lower C-reactive protein levels compared with nonconsumers. Nutr. Res. 2015;35:118–126. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.11.005.
    1. Li Y.F., Chang Y.Y., Huang H.C., Wu Y.C., Yang M.D., Chao P.M. Tomato juice supplementation in young women reduces inflammatory adipokine levels independently of body fat reduction. Nutrition. 2015;31:691–696. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.11.008.
    1. Aiso I., Inoue H., Seiyama Y., Kuwano T. Compared with the intake of commercial vegetable juice, the intake of fresh fruit and komatsuna (Brassica rapa L. Var. Perviridis) juice mixture reduces serum cholesterol in middle-aged men: A randomized controlled pilot study. Lipids Health Dis. 2014;13:102. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-13-102.
    1. Kelsay J.L., Behall K.M., Prather E.S. Effect of fiber from fruits and vegetables on metabolic responses of human subjects I. Bowel transit time, number of defecations, fecal weight, urinary excretions of energy and nitrogen and apparent digestibilities of energy, nitrogen, and fat. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1978;31:1149–1153.
    1. Nowak D., Grabczewska Z., Goslinski M., Obonska K., Dabrowska A., Kubica J. Effect of chokeberry juice consumption on antioxidant capacity, lipids profile and endothelial function in healthy people: A pilot study. Czech J. Food Sci. 2016;34:39–46. doi: 10.17221/258/2015-CJFS.
    1. Salazar-Lugo R., Barahona A., Ortiz K., Chavez C., Freire P., Mendez J., Bermeo B., Santamaria M., Salas H., Oleas M. Effect of consumption of tree tomato juice (Cyphomandra betacea) on lipid profile and glucose concentrations in adults with hyperlipidemia, Ecuador. Arch. Latinoam. Nutr. 2016;66:121–128.
    1. Aviram M., Dornfield L., Kaplan M., Coleman R., Gaitini D., Nitecki S., Hofman A., Rosenblat M., Volkova N., Presser D., et al. Pomegranate juice flavonoids inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation and cardiovascular diseases: Studies in atherosclerotic mice and in humans. Drug Exp. Clin. Res. 2002;28:49–62.
    1. Betanzos-Cabrera G., Guerrero-Solano J.A., Martinez-Perez M.M., Calderon-Ramos Z.G., Belefant-Miller H., Cancino-Diaz J.C. Pomegranate juice increases levels of paraoxonasel (PON1) expression and enzymatic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice fed with a high-fat diet. Food Res. Int. 2011;44:1381–1385. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.01.042.
    1. Diaz-Rubio M.E., Perez-Jimenez J., Martinez-Bartolome M.A., Alvarez I., Saura-Calixto F. Regular consumption of an antioxidant-rich juice improves oxidative status and causes metabolome changes in healthy adults. Plant Food. Hum. Nutr. 2015;70:9–14. doi: 10.1007/s11130-014-0455-4.
    1. Ibrahim M., Ismail A., Al-Sheraji S.H., Azlan A., Hamid A.A. Effects of Mangifera pajang Kostermans juice on plasma antioxidant status and liver and kidney function in normocholesterolemic subjects. J. Funct. Foods. 2013;5:1900–1908. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.011.
    1. Oliveira P.S., Saccon T.D., da Silva T.M., Costa M.Z., Dutra F., de Vasconcelos A., Lencina C.L., Stefanello F.M., Barschak A.G. Green juice as a protector against reactive species in rats. Nutr. Hosp. 2013;28:1407–1412.
    1. Codoner-Franch P., Betoret E., Betoret N., Lopez-Jaen A.B., Valls-Belles V., Fito P. Dried apples enriched with mandarin juice by vacuum impregnation improve antioxidant capacity and decrease inflammation in obese children. Nutr. Hosp. 2013;28:1177–1183.
    1. Huebbe P., Giller K., de Pascual-Teresa S., Arkenau A., Adolphi B., Portius S., Arkenau C.N., Rimbach G. Effects of blackcurrant-based juice on atherosclerosis-related biomarkers in cultured macrophages and in human subjects after consumption of a high-energy meal. Br. J. Nutr. 2012;108:234–244. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511005642.
    1. Miglio C., Peluso I., Raguzzini A., Villano D.V., Cesqui E., Catasta G., Toti E., Serafini M. Fruit juice drinks prevent endogenous antioxidant response to high-fat meal ingestion. Br. J. Nutr. 2014;111:294–300.
    1. Al-Olayan E.M., El-Khadragy M.F., Metwally D.M., Moneim A. Protective effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice on testes against carbon tetrachloride intoxication in rats. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2014;14:164. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-164.
    1. Rouanet J.M., Decorde K., del Rio D., Auger C., Borges G., Cristol J.P., Lean M., Crozier A. Berry juices, teas, antioxidants and the prevention of atherosclerosis in hamsters. Food Chem. 2010;118:266–271. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.04.116.
    1. Jeon G.I., Shin M.J., Lee K.H., Park E. Effect of onion juice supplementation on antioxidant status in participants with mild hypercholesterolemia. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 2013;22S:227–231. doi: 10.1007/s10068-013-0071-3.
    1. Poudyal H., Panchal S., Brown L. Comparison of purple carrot juice and beta-carotene in a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rat model of the metabolic syndrome. Br. J. Nutr. 2010;104:1322–1332. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510002308.
    1. Kivimaki A.S., Ehlers P.I., Turpeinen A.M., Vapaatalo H., Korpela R. Lingonberry juice improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of mesenteric arteries in spontaneously hypertensive rats in a long-term intervention. J. Funct. Foods. 2011;3:267–274. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2011.05.001.
    1. Flammer A.J., Martin E.A., Gossl M., Widmer R.J., Lennon R.J., Sexton J.A., Loeffler D., Khosla S., Lerman L.O., Lerman A. Polyphenol-rich cranberry juice has a neutral effect on endothelial function but decreases the fraction of osteocalcin-expressing endothelial progenitor cells. Eur. J. Nutr. 2013;52:289–296. doi: 10.1007/s00394-012-0334-4.
    1. Auger C., Pollet B., Arnold C., Marx C., Schini-Kerth V.B. Great heterogeneity of commercial fruit juices to induce endothelium-dependent relaxations in isolated porcine coronary arteries: Role of the phenolic content and composition. J. Med. Food. 2015;18:128–136. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0183.
    1. Buscemi S., Rosafio G., Arcoleo G., Mattina A., Canino B., Montana M., Verga S., Rini G. Effects of red orange juice intake on endothelial function and inflammatory markers in adult subjects with increased cardiovascular risk. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2012;95:1089–1095. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.031088.
    1. Utsunomiya H., Takekoshi S., Gato N., Utatsu H., Motley E.D., Eguchi K., Fitzgerald T.G., Mifune M., Frank G.D., Eguchi S. Fruit-juice concentrate of Asian plum inhibits growth signals of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by angiotensin II. Life Sci. 2002;72:659–667. doi: 10.1016/S0024-3205(02)02300-7.
    1. Siasos G., Tousoulis D., Kokkou E., Oikonomou E., Kollia M.E., Verveniotis A., Gouliopoulos N., Zisimos K., Plastiras A., Maniatis K., et al. Favorable effects of concord grape juice on endothelial function and arterial stiffness in healthy smokers. Am. J. Hypertens. 2014;27:38–45. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpt176.
    1. Khan F., Ray S., Craigie A.M., Kennedy G., Hill A., Barton K.L., Broughton J., Belch J. Lowering of oxidative stress improves endothelial function in healthy subjects with habitually low intake of fruit and vegetables: A randomized controlled trial of antioxidant- and polyphenol-rich blackcurrant juice. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2014;72:232–237. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.006.
    1. Noratto G., Martino H., Simbo S., Byrne D., Mertens-Talcott S.U. Consumption of polyphenol-rich peach and plum juice prevents risk factors for obesity-related metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease in Zucker rats. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2015;26:633–641. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.12.014.
    1. Ohnishi A., Asayama R., Mogi M., Nakaoka H., Kan-No H., Tsukuda K., Chisaka T., Wang X.L., Bai H.Y., Shan B.S., et al. Drinking citrus fruit juice inhibits vascular remodeling in cuff-induced vascular injury mouse model. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0117616. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117616.
    1. Ramli N.S., Brown L., Ismail P., Rahmat A. Effects of red pitaya juice supplementation on cardiovascular and hepatic changes in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome rats. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2014;14:189. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-189.
    1. Eno A.E., Owo O.I., Itam E.H., Konya R.S. Blood pressure depression by the fruit juice of Carica papaya L. in renal and DOCA-induced hypertension in the rat. Phytother. Res. 2000;14:235–239. doi: 10.1002/1099-1573(200006)14:4<235::AID-PTR574>;2-G.
    1. Keevil J.G., Osman H.E., Reed J.D., Folts J.D. Grape juice, but not orange juice or grapefruit juice, inhibits human platelet aggregation. J. Nutr. 2000;130:53–56.
    1. Mattiello T., Trifiro E., Jotti G.S., Pulcinelli F.M. Effects of pomegranate juice and extract polyphenols on platelet function. J. Med. Food. 2009;12:334–339. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2007.0640.
    1. Napoleone E., Cutrone A., Zurlo F., di Castelnuovo A., D’Imperio M., Giordano L., de Curtis A., Iacoviello L., Rotilio D., Cerletti C., et al. Both red and blond orange juice intake decreases the procoagulant activity of whole blood in healthy volunteers. Thromb. Res. 2013;132:288–292. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.06.022.
    1. Cancalon P.F., King D. Health benefits of polyphenol-rich orange and grapefruit juices. XII Int. Citrus Congr. Int. Soc. Citric. 2015;1065:727–734.
    1. Devaraj S., Jialal I., Rockwood J., Zak D. Effect of orange juice and beverage with phytosterols on cytokines and PAI-1 activity. Clin. Nutr. 2011;30:668–671. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.03.009.
    1. Simao T., Lozovoy M., Simao A., Oliveira S.R., Venturini D., Morimoto H.K., Miglioranza L., Dichi I. Reduced-energy cranberry juice increases folic acid and adiponectin and reduces homocysteine and oxidative stress in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Br. J. Nutr. 2013;110:1885–1894. doi: 10.1017/S0007114513001207.
    1. Bamonti F., Novembrino C., Ippolito S., Soresi E., Ciani A., Lonati S., Scurati-Manzoni E., Cighetti G. Increased free malondialdehyde concentrations in smokers normalise with a mixed fruit and vegetable juice concentrate: A pilot study. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2006;44:391–395. doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2006.084.
    1. Bamonti F., Pellegatta M., Novembrino C., Vigna L., de Giuseppe R., de Liso F., Gregori D., della Noce C., Patrini L., Schiraldi G., et al. An encapsulated juice powder concentrate improves markers of pulmonary function and cardiovascular risk factors in heavy smokers. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 2013;32:18–25. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2013.767652.
    1. Kawashima A., Madarame T., Koike H., Komatsu Y., Wise J.A. Four week supplementation with mixed fruit and vegetable juice concentrates increased protective serum antioxidants and folate and decreased plasma homocysteine in Japanese subjects. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007;16:411–421.
    1. Wu T., Tang Q., Gao Z.C., Yu Z.P., Song H.Z., Zheng X.D., Chen W. Blueberry and mulberry juice prevent obesity development in C57BL/6 mice. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e77585. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077585.
    1. DeChristopher L.R., Uribarri J., Tucker K.L. Intake of high-fructose corn syrup sweetened soft drinks, fruit drinks and apple juice is associated with prevalent arthritis in US adults, aged 20–30 years. Nutr. Diabetes. 2016;6:e199. doi: 10.1038/nutd.2016.7.
    1. Shefferly A., Scharf R.J., DeBoer M.D. Longitudinal evaluation of 100% fruit juice consumption on BMI status in 2–5-year-old children. Pediatr. Obes. 2016;11:221–227. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12048.

Source: PubMed

Sponsorer og samarbeidspartnere

Medisinsk tilstand

Legemiddelintervensjoner

3
Abonnere