Dose-dependent effect of caffeine supplementation on judo-specific performance and training activity: a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial

Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski, Paulina M Nowaczyk, Natalia Główka, Aleksandra Grygiel, Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski, Paulina M Nowaczyk, Natalia Główka, Aleksandra Grygiel

Abstract

Background: Caffeine (CAF) supplementation could have a positive impact on physical performance and sport abilities. Nevertheless, the CAF-induced, dose-dependent influence on discipline-specific performance and combat activity in combat sports have not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of single ingestion of 3, 6, or 9 mg/kg body weight of CAF and placebo (PLA) on judo-specific performance and sparring combat activities.

Methods: In a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over design, acute pre-exercise supplementation with CAF (3, 6, or 9 mg/kg body weight) and placebo PLA in 22 male highly-trained judoists was examined. The study protocol involved five separate testing sessions using the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) with heart rate monitoring, three judo sparring combats and evaluation of the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) using the Borg scale.

Results: Six and 9 mg/kg CAF improved SJFT performance, while 9 mg/kg increased combat activity. Three mg/kg CAF lacked any apparent positive ergogenic effect. Among athletes, who include CAF-containing products in their habitual diet (consumers), only 9 mg/kg CAF effectively enhanced SJFT performance, while in those who do not consume CAF-containing products at regular basis (non-consumers), the enhancing effect was achieved even at 6 mg/kg.

Conclusions: Regarding combat sports, higher (6-9 mg/kg) than currently recommended CAF dosages (3-6 mg/kg) are apparently more effective in terms of judo-specific performance. However, the ergogenic CAF effect is not only dose-dependent, but it is also related to customary CAF consumption.

Trial registration: Clinical Trials Gov, NCT03822663 . Registered 28 January 2019 - Retrospectively registered.

Keywords: Caffeine; Combat sports; Judo; Physical performance; Special Judo Fitness Test.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A flow chart of the study design. Abbreviations: SJFT, Special Judo Fitness Test; T1, 1st series of test procedures; T5, 5th series of test procedures; Tori, the studied judoka who performs a SJFT throw test; PLA, placebo; Uke, partners (in the same weight category and of similar height) thrown by Tori
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Total number of throws in SJFT (a) and heart rate right after (HRRA) and 1 min after (HR1minAF) the SJFT (b). abc - different letter inscriptions refer to statistical differences between CAF dosages; P <  0.05
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Total number of attacks for 3 consecutive combats. abc - different letter inscriptions refer to statistical differences between CAF dosages; P < 0.05
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Total number of throws in SJFT (a-b) and heart rate right after (HRRA) and 1 min after (HR1minAF) the tests (c-d) in athletes who consume (a, c) or do not consume CAF (b, d) on a regular basis. abc - different letter inscriptions refer to statistical differences between CAF dosages, P < 0.05

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