Does offering human immunodeficiency virus testing at the time of blood donation reduce transfusion transmission risk and increase disclosure counseling? Results of a randomized controlled trial, São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

Background: In a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in a blood bank in São Paulo, we tested the hypotheses that offering client-centered human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing to blood donors would: 1) reduce the risk of HIV contamination in the blood supply by diverting higher-risk, test-seeking donors away from donation and 2) increase return for results and referrals to care.

Study design and methods: We randomly selected weeks between August 2012 and May 2013 when donors were offered HIV counseling and testing (n = 6298), leaving usual procedure weeks as control (n = 5569).

Results: Few candidate donors chose HIV testing (n = 81, 1.3%). There was no significant difference in herpes simplex virus Type 2 (HSV-2) prevalence (a marker of sexual risk) among donors during intervention weeks compared to control (10.4% vs. 11.1%, p = 0.245). No donor choosing testing was HIV infected, and there was no difference in HSV-2 prevalence between testers and donors (9.9% vs. 10.4%, p = 0.887). Returning for positive results did not differ between testers and donors (three of three vs. 58 of 80, p = 0.386). A higher proportion of donors acknowledged that HIV testing was a strong motivation to donate during intervention weeks compared to control (2.6% vs. 2.0%, p = 0.032).

Conclusion: The evidence of our RCT is that offering HIV counseling and testing at the time of donation would not change the risk of contamination in the blood supply, nor improve results disclosure and referral to care.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01681420.

Conflict of interest statement

No conflict of interest or financial involvement with this manuscript.

© 2015 AABB.

Figures

Figure 1

Enrollment, random allocation, and analysis of participants in a randomized control trial of offering HIV counseling and testing at the time of blood donation to reduce transfusion-transmitted infection risk and improve results disclosure, São Paulo, Brazil, 2012–2013.

Figure 2

Prevalence of herpes simplex virus type II (H5V-2) among candidate blood donors. São Paulo, Brazil, 2012–2013.