Multi-pathway integrated adjustment mechanism of licorice flavonoids presenting anti-inflammatory activity
Xiaomeng Yu, Yongrui Bao, Xiansheng Meng, Shuai Wang, Tianjiao Li, Xin Chang, Weifeng Xu, Guanlin Yang, Tao Bo, Xiaomeng Yu, Yongrui Bao, Xiansheng Meng, Shuai Wang, Tianjiao Li, Xin Chang, Weifeng Xu, Guanlin Yang, Tao Bo
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza, commonly known as licorice, is a herbal medicine that has been used for thousands of years. Licorice contains multiple flavonoids, which possess a variety of biological activities. On the basis of the anti-inflammatory effects of licorice flavonoids, the potential mechanism of action was investigated via a plasma metabolomics approach. A total of 9 differential endogenous metabolites associated with the therapeutic effect of licorice flavonoids were identified, including linoleic acid, sphingosine, tryptophanamide, corticosterone and leukotriene B4. Besides classical arachidonic acid metabolism, metabolism of sphingolipids, tryptophan and fatty acids, phospholipids synthesis, and other pathways were also involved. The multi-pathway integrated adjustment mechanism of licorice flavonoid action may reduce side effects in patients, along with any anti-inflammatory functions, which provides a foundation for identifying and developing novel, high-potential natural drugs with fewer side effects for clinical application.
Keywords: anti-inflammatory activity; licorice flavonoids; mechanism; multi-pathway.
Copyright © 2019, Spandidos Publications.
Figures
![Figure 1.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6781665/bin/ol-18-05-4956-g00.jpg)
Figure 2.
Inhibitory rate of paw edema…
Figure 2.
Inhibitory rate of paw edema in different dose groups. Data are expressed as…
Figure 3.
Content of PGE2 in different…
Figure 3.
Content of PGE2 in different groups on formalin-induced mice paw edema. Data are…
Figure 4.
Principal component analysis of each…
Figure 4.
Principal component analysis of each group. Each colored point represents a sample. The…
Figure 5.
Clustering analysis of the endogenous…
Figure 5.
Clustering analysis of the endogenous metabolites in inflammation. The difference in the gray…
Figure 6.
The metabolite pathways involved in…
Figure 6.
The metabolite pathways involved in licorice flavonoids intervention on inflammation. The association between…
- A Review: The Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer and Antibacterial Properties of Four Kinds of Licorice Flavonoids Isolated from Licorice.Wang ZF, Liu J, Yang YA, Zhu HL. Wang ZF, et al. Curr Med Chem. 2020;27(12):1997-2011. doi: 10.2174/0929867325666181001104550. Curr Med Chem. 2020. PMID: 30277142 Review.
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- UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS-based metabolomics survey on the toxicity of triptolide and detoxication of licorice.Wang Z, Liu JQ, Xu JD, Zhu H, Kong M, Zhang GH, Duan SM, Li XY, Li GF, Liu LF, Li SL. Wang Z, et al. Chin J Nat Med. 2017 Jun;15(6):474-480. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(17)30071-7. Chin J Nat Med. 2017. PMID: 28629539
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![Figure 2.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6781665/bin/ol-18-05-4956-g01.jpg)
Figure 3.
Content of PGE2 in different…
Figure 3.
Content of PGE2 in different groups on formalin-induced mice paw edema. Data are…
Figure 4.
Principal component analysis of each…
Figure 4.
Principal component analysis of each group. Each colored point represents a sample. The…
Figure 5.
Clustering analysis of the endogenous…
Figure 5.
Clustering analysis of the endogenous metabolites in inflammation. The difference in the gray…
Figure 6.
The metabolite pathways involved in…
Figure 6.
The metabolite pathways involved in licorice flavonoids intervention on inflammation. The association between…
- A Review: The Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer and Antibacterial Properties of Four Kinds of Licorice Flavonoids Isolated from Licorice.Wang ZF, Liu J, Yang YA, Zhu HL. Wang ZF, et al. Curr Med Chem. 2020;27(12):1997-2011. doi: 10.2174/0929867325666181001104550. Curr Med Chem. 2020. PMID: 30277142 Review.
- The Application of Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with a LTQ-Orbitrap Mass Technique to Reveal the Dynamic Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites in Licorice under ABA Stress.Li D, Xu G, Ren G, Sun Y, Huang Y, Liu C. Li D, et al. Molecules. 2017 Oct 20;22(10):1742. doi: 10.3390/molecules22101742. Molecules. 2017. PMID: 29053618 Free PMC article.
- The anti-inflammatory activity of licorice, a widely used Chinese herb.Yang R, Yuan BC, Ma YS, Zhou S, Liu Y. Yang R, et al. Pharm Biol. 2017 Dec;55(1):5-18. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1225775. Epub 2016 Sep 21. Pharm Biol. 2017. PMID: 27650551 Free PMC article. Review.
- Analytical strategy to reveal the in vivo process of multi-component herbal medicine: a pharmacokinetic study of licorice using liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.Qiao X, Ye M, Xiang C, Wang Q, Liu CF, Miao WJ, Guo DA. Qiao X, et al. J Chromatogr A. 2012 Oct 5;1258:84-93. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.041. Epub 2012 Aug 17. J Chromatogr A. 2012. PMID: 22939378
- UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS-based metabolomics survey on the toxicity of triptolide and detoxication of licorice.Wang Z, Liu JQ, Xu JD, Zhu H, Kong M, Zhang GH, Duan SM, Li XY, Li GF, Liu LF, Li SL. Wang Z, et al. Chin J Nat Med. 2017 Jun;15(6):474-480. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(17)30071-7. Chin J Nat Med. 2017. PMID: 28629539
- Full Text Sources
- Medical
![Figure 3.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6781665/bin/ol-18-05-4956-g02.jpg)
Figure 4.
Principal component analysis of each…
Figure 4.
Principal component analysis of each group. Each colored point represents a sample. The…
Figure 5.
Clustering analysis of the endogenous…
Figure 5.
Clustering analysis of the endogenous metabolites in inflammation. The difference in the gray…
Figure 6.
The metabolite pathways involved in…
Figure 6.
The metabolite pathways involved in licorice flavonoids intervention on inflammation. The association between…
![Figure 4.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6781665/bin/ol-18-05-4956-g03.jpg)
![Figure 5.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6781665/bin/ol-18-05-4956-g04.jpg)
![Figure 6.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6781665/bin/ol-18-05-4956-g05.jpg)
Source: PubMed