Correlation between lumbar lordosis angle and degree of gynoid lipodystrophy (cellulite) in asymptomatic women

Giovana Barbosa Milani, A'Dayr Natal Filho, Sílvia Maria Amado João, Giovana Barbosa Milani, A'Dayr Natal Filho, Sílvia Maria Amado João

Abstract

Introduction: Gynoid lipodystrophy (cellulite) has been cited as a common dermatological alteration. It occurs mainly in adult women and tends to gather around the thighs and buttocks. Its presence and severity have been related to many factors, including biotype, age, sex, circulatory changes, and, as some authors have suggested, mechanical alterations such as lumbar hyperlordosis.

Objective: To correlate the degree of cellulite with the angle of lumbar lordosis in asymptomatic women.

Methods: Fifty volunteers were evaluated by digital photos, palpation, and thermograph. The degree of cellulite was classified on a scale of 1-4. Analyses were performed on the superior, inferior, right and left buttocks (SRB, IRB, SLB, ILB), and the superior right and left thighs (SRT, SLT). The volunteers underwent a lateral-view X-ray, and the angle of lumbar lordosis was measured using Cobb's method (inferior endplate of T12 and the superior endplate of S). The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Spearman's correlation. A significance level of 5% was adopted.

Results: Volunteers had a mean age of 26.1+/-4.4 years and a mean body mass index of 20.7+/-1.9 kg/m(2). There was no significant difference in lumbar lordosis angle between those with cellulite classes 2 and 3 (p>or=0.297). There was also no correlation between lumbar lordosis angle and the degree of cellulite (p>or=0.085 and r>or=0.246).

Conclusions: The analysis suggests that there is no correlation between the degree of cellulite and the angle of lumbar lordosis as measured using Cobb's method.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Total lumbar lordosis angle determined by Cobb’s method, using the intersection of lines at the level of the inferior plateau of T12 and the superior plateau of S1

References

    1. Rawlings AV. Cellulite and its treatment - Review article. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2006;28:175–90.
    1. Smalls LK, Hicks M, Passaretti D, Gersin K, Kitzmiller WJ, Bakhsh A. Effect of weight loss on cellulite: Gynoid Lipodystrophy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;118:510–6.
    1. Draelos ZD. The disease of cellulite. J Cosm Dermatol. 2005;4:221–2.
    1. Piérard GE. Commentary on cellulite: skin mechanobiology and the waist-to-hip radio. J Cosm Dermatol. 2005;4:151–2.
    1. Avram MM. Cellulite: a review of its physiology and treatment. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2005;7:1–5.
    1. Rao J, Glod MH, Goldman MP. A two-center, double-blinded, randomized trial testing the tolerability and efficacy of a novel therapeutic agent for cellulite reduction. J Cosm Dermatol. 2005;4:93–102.
    1. Terranova F, Berardesca E, Maibach H. Cellulite: nature and aetiopathogenesis – Review Article. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2006;28:157–67.
    1. Rossi ABR, Vergnanini AL. Cellulite: a rewiew. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol Venereol. 2000;14:251–62.
    1. Sánchez CF, Tropper UP, Barceló R, Pace F, Nasi A, Brandolino C, et al. Estudos anatomopatológico e termográfico da celulite. Rev Cosmiat Med Estet. 1994;1(II):3–13. 1º trimestre.
    1. Quatresooz P, Xhauflaire-Uhoda E, Piérard-Franchimont C, Piérard GE. Cellulite histopathology and related mechanobiology. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2006;28:207–10.
    1. Querleux B, Cornillon C, Jolivet O, Bittoun J. Anatomy and physiology of subcutaneous adipose tissue by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy: Relationships with sex and presence of cellulite. Skin Res Technol. 2002;8:118–24.
    1. Mirrashed F, Sharp JC, Krause V, Morgan J, Tomanek B. Pilot study of dermal and subcutaneous fat structures by MRI in individuals who differ in gender, BMI, and cellulite grading. Skin Res Technol. 2004;10:161–8.
    1. Fink JS, Mermelstein H, Thomas A, Trow R. Use of intese pulsed light and a retinyl-based cream as a potential treatment for cellulite: a pilot study. J Cosm Dermatol. 2006;5:254–62.
    1. Sandoval B. Fibroedema gelóide subcutáneo: qué conocemos de esta entidad clínica? Folia Dermatol. 2003;14:38–42.
    1. Milani GB, Amado-João SM, Farah EA. Fundamentos da Fisioterapia dermato-funcional: revisão de literatura. Fisioterapia e Pesquisa. 2006;13:37–43.
    1. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöstrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-contry reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35:1381–95.
    1. Singh D. Adaptive significance of female physical attractiveness: role of waist-to-hip ratio. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993;65:295–307.
    1. Gherardini G, Matarasso A, Serure AS, Toledo LS, DiBernardo BE. Standardization in photography for Body Contour Surgery and Suction-Assisted Lipectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;100:227–37.
    1. International Products & Service. Interpreting the thermograms [folder] Milano Italy: 2004.
    1. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Cailliet R, Janic TJ, Holland B. Radiographic analysis of lumbar lordosis: Centroid, Cobb, TRALL, and Harrison Posterior Tangent methods. Spine. 2001;26:E235–42.
    1. Jackson RP, Hales C. Congruent spinopelvic alignment on standing lateral radiographs of adult volunteers. Spine. 2000;25:2808–15.
    1. Chen YL. Vertebral Centroid Measurement of lumbar lordosis compared with the Cobb Technique. Spine. 1999;24:1786–90.
    1. Vedantam R, Lenke LG, Keeney JA, Bridwell K. Comparison of standing sagittal spinal alignment in asymptomatic adolescents and adults. Spine. 1998;23:211–15.
    1. Bernhardt M, Bridwell KH. Segmental analysis of the sagittal plane alignment of the normal thoracic and lumbar spines and thoracolumbar junction. Spine. 1989;14:717–21.
    1. Gelb DE, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, McEnery KW. An analysis of sagittal spinal alignment in 100 asymptomatic middle and older aged volunteers. Spine. 1995;20:1351–8.
    1. Polly DW, Jr, Kilkelly FX, McHale KA, Asplund LM, Mulligan M, Chang AS. Measurement of lumbar lordosis: evaluation of intraobserver, interobserver, and technique variability. Spine. 1996;21:1530–5.
    1. Fernand R, Fox DE. Evaluation of lumbar lordosis. A prospective and retrospective study. Spine. 1985;10:799–803.
    1. Kedall FP, Mc creary EK, Provance PG. Muscles, testing and function: with posture and pain. 4th ed. xv. Baltimore, Md: Willians & Wilkins; 1993. p. 451.
    1. Penha PJ, João SMA, Casarotto RA, Amino CJ, Penteado DC. Postural assessment of girls between 7 and 10 years of age. Clinics. 2005;60:9–16.
    1. Griegel-Morris P, Larson K, Mueller-Klauss K, Oatis CA. Incidence of common postural abnormalities in the cervical, shoulder and thoracic regions and their association with pain in two age groups of healthy subjects. Phys Ther. 1992;72:425–31.
    1. Mosner EA, Bryan JN, Stull MA, Shippee R. A comparison of actual and apparent lumbar lordosis in black and white adult females. Spine. 1989;14:310–14.
    1. Leroux MA, Zabjek K, Simard G, Badeaux J, Coillard C, Rivard CH. A noninvasive anthropometric technique for measuring kyphosis and lordosis. In application of idiopathic scoliosis. Spine. 2000;25:1689–94.
    1. Worril NA, Peterson CK. Effect of anterior wedging of L1 on the measurement of lumbar lordosis:Comparison of two roentgenological methods. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1997;20:459–67.
    1. Jackson RP, McManus AC. Radiographic analysis of sagittal plane alignment and balance in standing volunteers and patients with low back pain matched for age, sex and size. A prospective controlled clinical study. Spine. 1994;19:1611–8.
    1. Kershaw EE, Flier JS. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:2548–56.

Source: PubMed

Sponsorer og samarbeidspartnere

Medisinsk tilstand

Legemiddelintervensjoner

3
Abonnere