Intracranial Efficacy and Survival With Tucatinib Plus Trastuzumab and Capecitabine for Previously Treated HER2-Positive Breast Cancer With Brain Metastases in the HER2CLIMB Trial

Nancy U Lin, Virginia Borges, Carey Anders, Rashmi K Murthy, Elisavet Paplomata, Erika Hamilton, Sara Hurvitz, Sherene Loi, Alicia Okines, Vandana Abramson, Philippe L Bedard, Mafalda Oliveira, Volkmar Mueller, Amelia Zelnak, Michael P DiGiovanna, Thomas Bachelot, A Jo Chien, Ruth O'Regan, Andrew Wardley, Alison Conlin, David Cameron, Lisa Carey, Giuseppe Curigliano, Karen Gelmon, Sibylle Loibl, JoAl Mayor, Suzanne McGoldrick, Xuebei An, Eric P Winer, Nancy U Lin, Virginia Borges, Carey Anders, Rashmi K Murthy, Elisavet Paplomata, Erika Hamilton, Sara Hurvitz, Sherene Loi, Alicia Okines, Vandana Abramson, Philippe L Bedard, Mafalda Oliveira, Volkmar Mueller, Amelia Zelnak, Michael P DiGiovanna, Thomas Bachelot, A Jo Chien, Ruth O'Regan, Andrew Wardley, Alison Conlin, David Cameron, Lisa Carey, Giuseppe Curigliano, Karen Gelmon, Sibylle Loibl, JoAl Mayor, Suzanne McGoldrick, Xuebei An, Eric P Winer

Abstract

Purpose: In the HER2CLIMB study, patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer with brain metastases (BMs) showed statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) with tucatinib. We describe exploratory analyses of intracranial efficacy and survival in participants with BMs.

Patients and methods: Patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to tucatinib or placebo, in combination with trastuzumab and capecitabine. All patients underwent baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging; those with BMs were classified as active or stable. Efficacy analyses were performed by applying RECIST 1.1 criteria to CNS target lesions by investigator assessment. CNS-PFS (intracranial progression or death) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated in all patients with BMs. Confirmed intracranial objective response rate (ORR-IC) was evaluated in patients with measurable intracranial disease.

Results: There were 291 patients with BMs: 198 (48%) in the tucatinib arm and 93 (46%) in the control arm. The risk of intracranial progression or death was reduced by 68% in the tucatinib arm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.48; P < .0001). Median CNS-PFS was 9.9 months in the tucatinib arm versus 4.2 months in the control arm. Risk of death was reduced by 42% in the tucatinib arm (OS HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.85; P = .005). Median OS was 18.1 versus 12.0 months. ORR-IC was higher in the tucatinib arm (47.3%; 95% CI, 33.7% to 61.2%) versus the control arm (20.0%; 95% CI, 5.7% to 43.7%; P = .03).

Conclusion: In patients with HER2-positive breast cancer with BMs, the addition of tucatinib to trastuzumab and capecitabine doubled ORR-IC, reduced risk of intracranial progression or death by two thirds, and reduced risk of death by nearly half. To our knowledge, this is the first regimen to demonstrate improved antitumor activity against BMs in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer in a randomized, controlled trial.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02614794.

Figures

FIG 1.
FIG 1.
Kaplan-Meier curves for patients with brain metastases. (A) CNS progression-free survival (CNS-PFS) per investigator assessment. (B) Overall survival (OS). Hazard ratio (HR) computed from the Cox proportional hazards model using stratification factors (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status [0 or 1], region of world [North America or rest of world]) at random assignment. Two-sided P value calculated from stratified log-rank test.
FIG 2.
FIG 2.
Kaplan-Meier curves for patients with active brain metastases. (A) CNS progression-free survival (CNS-PFS) per investigator assessment. (B) Overall survival (OS). Hazard ratio (HR) computed from the Cox proportional hazards model using stratification factors (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status [0 or 1], region of world [North America or rest of world]) at random assignment. Two-sided P value calculated from stratified log-rank test.
FIG 3.
FIG 3.
Kaplan-Meier curves for patients with stable brain metastases. (A) CNS progression-free survival (CNS-PFS) per investigator assessment. (B) Overall survival (OS). Hazard ratio (HR) computed from the Cox proportional hazards model using stratification factors (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status [0 or 1], region of world [North America or rest of world]) at random assignment. Two-sided P value calculated from stratified log-rank test.
FIG 4.
FIG 4.
Outcomes in patients with isolated progression in the brain who continued with assigned study treatment. (A) Duration on treatment. (B) Time from random assignment to second disease progression (PD) by investigator assessment or death. (C) Time from first PD to second PD by investigator assessment or death. Hazard ratio (HR) computed from the Cox proportional hazards model using stratification factors (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status [0 or 1], region of world [North America or rest of world]) at random assignment.
FIG A1.
FIG A1.
CONSORT diagram. BM, brain metastasis. (a) Two enrolled patients did not undergo baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging (1 in tucatinib arm and 1 in placebo arm).

References

    1. Bendell JC, Domchek SM, Burstein HJ, et al. Central nervous system metastases in women who receive trastuzumab-based therapy for metastatic breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2003;97:2972–2977.
    1. Brufsky AM, Mayer M, Rugo HS, et al. Central nervous system metastases in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: Incidence, treatment, and survival in patients from registHER. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17:4834–4843.
    1. Leyland-Jones B. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer and central nervous system metastases. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:5278–5286.
    1. Olson EM, Najita JS, Sohl J, et al. Clinical outcomes and treatment practice patterns of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer in the post-trastuzumab era. Breast. 2013;22:525–531.
    1. Pestalozzi BC, Holmes E, de Azambuja E, et al. CNS relapses in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer who have and have not received adjuvant trastuzumab: A retrospective substudy of the HERA trial (BIG 1-01) Lancet Oncol. 2013;14:244–248.
    1. Ramakrishna N, Temin S, Chandarlapaty S, et al. Recommendations on disease management for patients with advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer and brain metastases: ASCO clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:2804–2807.
    1. Patchell RA, Tibbs PA, Regine WF, et al. Postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of single metastases to the brain: A randomized trial. JAMA. 1998;280:1485–1489.
    1. Kocher M, Soffietti R, Abacioglu U, et al. Adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy versus observation after radiosurgery or surgical resection of one to three cerebral metastases: Results of the EORTC 22952-26001 study. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:134–141.
    1. Mahajan A, Ahmed S, McAleer MF, et al: Post-operative stereotactic radiosurgery versus observation for completely resected brain metastases: A single-centre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 18:1040-1048, 2017 [Errata: Lancet Oncol 18:e433, 2017; Lancet Oncol 18:e510, 2017]
    1. Kondziolka D, Kano H, Harrison GL, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery as primary and salvage treatment for brain metastases from breast cancer: Clinical article. J Neurosurg. 2011;114:792–800.
    1. Perez JL, Ozpinar A, Kano H, et al. Salvage stereotactic radiosurgery in breast cancer patients with multiple brain metastases. World Neurosurg. 2019;125:e479–e486.
    1. Kelly PJ, Lin NU, Claus EB, et al. Salvage stereotactic radiosurgery for breast cancer brain metastases: Outcomes and prognostic factors. Cancer. 2012;118:2014–2020.
    1. US Food and Drug Administration Cancer Clinical Trial Eligibility Criteria: Brain Metastases—Guidance for Industry
    1. Costa R, Gill N, Rademaker AW, et al. Systematic analysis of early phase clinical studies for patients with breast cancer: Inclusion of patients with brain metastasis. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017;55:10–15.
    1. Freedman RA, Gelman RS, Anders CK, et al. TBCRC 022: A phase II trial of neratinib and capecitabine for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer and brain metastases. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37:1081–1089.
    1. Lin NU, Diéras V, Paul D, et al. Multicenter phase II study of lapatinib in patients with brain metastases from HER2-positive breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15:1452–1459.
    1. Stemmler HJ, Schmitt M, Willems A, et al. Ratio of trastuzumab levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid is altered in HER2-positive breast cancer patients with brain metastases and impairment of blood-brain barrier. Anticancer Drugs. 2007;18:23–28.
    1. Kulukian A, Lee A, Taylor J, et al: Preclinical activity of HER2-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor tucatinib as a single agent or in combination with trastuzumab or docetaxel in solid tumor models. Mol Cancer Ther 19:976-987, 2020.
    1. Metzger O, Barry W, Krop I: Phase I dose-escalation trial of ONT-380 in combination with trastuzumab in patients (pts) with HER2+ breast cancer brain metastases. J Clin Oncol doi: .
    1. Murthy RK, Hamilton E, Borges VF, et al: ONT-380 in the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer central nervous system (CNS) metastases (mets). Cancer Res 76, 2016 (suppl 4; abstr P4-14-19)
    1. Murthy RK, Loi S, Okines A, et al. Tucatinib, trastuzumab, and capecitabine for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:597–609.
    1. Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, et al: New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: Revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer 45:228-247, 2009.
    1. Murthy RK, Hamilton EP, Ferrario C, et al: Clinical benefit of tucatinib after isolated brain progression: A retrospective pooled analysis of tucatinib phase 1b studies in HER2+ breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 36, 2018 (suppl; abstr 1015)
    1. Clopper C, Pearson ES: The use of confidence or fiducial limits illustrated in the case of the binomial. Biometrika 26:404-413, 1934.
    1. Collett D: Modelling Survival Data in Medical Research. London, United Kingdom, Chapman & Hall, 1994.

Source: PubMed

3
Abonnere