Deposition of Zinc Oxide on Different Polymer Textiles and Their Antibacterial Properties

Marta Fiedot-Toboła, Magdalena Ciesielska, Irena Maliszewska, Olga Rac-Rumijowska, Patrycja Suchorska-Woźniak, Helena Teterycz, Marek Bryjak, Marta Fiedot-Toboła, Magdalena Ciesielska, Irena Maliszewska, Olga Rac-Rumijowska, Patrycja Suchorska-Woźniak, Helena Teterycz, Marek Bryjak

Abstract

A surface modification of polyamide 6 (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP) textiles was performed using zinc oxide to obtain antibacterial layer. ZnO microrods were synthesized on ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as a nucleus centers by chemical bath deposition (CBD) process. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that wurzite ZnO microrods were obtained on every sample. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Liquid Absorption Capacity (LAC) analysis indicate that the amount and structure of antibacterial layer is dependent on roughness and wettability of textile surface. The rougher and more hydrophilic is the material, the more ZnO were deposited. All studied textiles show significant bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). A possible mechanism and difference in sensitivity between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to ZnO is discussed. Considering that antibacterial activity of ZnO is caused by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation, an influence of surface to volume ratio and crystalline parameters is also discussed.

Keywords: antimicrobial properties; microrods; nanoparticles; polymer textiles; roughness; wettability; zinc oxid.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
SEM and AFM images of: (a) PA; (b) PET; and (c) PP.
Figure 1
Figure 1
SEM and AFM images of: (a) PA; (b) PET; and (c) PP.
Figure 2
Figure 2
DSC analysis of the used textiles.
Figure 3
Figure 3
FTIR results for analyzed textiles.
Figure 4
Figure 4
A scheme of modification process. (A) ZnO NPs deposition; (B) CBD solution preparation.
Figure 5
Figure 5
XRD diffractograms of modified textiles.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The W-H curves for samples.
Figure 7
Figure 7
SEM images of ZnO deposited on: (a) PA; (b) PET; and (c) PP.
Figure 8
Figure 8
A scheme of a of contact angle determination.
Figure 9
Figure 9
A shape of colloid drop on different textile surfaces: (a) PP; (b) PET; and (c) PA.
Figure 10
Figure 10
A scheme of the ZnO NPs on: (a) hydrophilic; and (b) hydrophobic surface after drying.
Figure 11
Figure 11
The effect of the modified polymer textiles on the viability of E. coli determined by the serial dilution method.
Figure 12
Figure 12
The effect of the modified polymer textiles on the viability of S. aureus determined by the serial dilution method.
Figure 13
Figure 13
The effect of the modified polymer textiles on the viability of E. coli (PET-ZnO (A); PA-ZnO (B); and PP-ZnO (C)) and S. aureus (PET-ZnO (D); PA-ZnO (E); and PP-ZnO (F)) determined by the plate method.

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