Tuberculosis Treatment Non-Adherence and Lost to Follow Up among TB Patients with or without HIV in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review

Habteyes Hailu Tola, Azar Tol, Davoud Shojaeizadeh, Gholamreza Garmaroudi, Habteyes Hailu Tola, Azar Tol, Davoud Shojaeizadeh, Gholamreza Garmaroudi

Abstract

This systematic review intended to combine factors associated with tuberculosis treatment non-adherence and lost to follow up among TB patients with/without HIV in developing countries. Comprehensive remote electronic databases (MEDLINE, (PMC, Pub Med Central), Google scholar and Web of science) search was conducted using the following keywords: Tuberculosis, treatment, compliance, adherence, default, behavioural factors and socioeconomic factors. All types of studies intended to assess TB treatment non-adherence and lost to follow up in developing countries among adult TB patient from 2008 to data extraction date were included. Twenty-six original and one-reviewed articles, which meet inclusion criteria, were reviewed. TB treatment non-adherence and lost to follow up were continued across developing countries. The main factors associated with TB treatment non-adherence and lost to follow up were socioeconomic factors: lack of transportation cost, lack of social support, and patients-health care worker poor communication. Behavioural factors were Feeling better after few weeks of treatments, tobacco and alcohol use, knowledge deficit about duration of treatment and consequences of non-adherence and lost to follow up. TB treatment non-adherence and lost to follow up were continued across developing countries throughout the publication years of reviewed articles. Numerous, socioeconomic and behavioural factors were influencing TB treatment adherence and lost to follow up. Therefore, well understanding and minimizing of the effect of these associated factors is very important to enhance treatment adherence and follow up completion in developing countries.

Keywords: Lost to follow up; Non-adherence; TB patients; Tuberculosis treatment.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Procedural demonstration of articles selection and evaluation

References

    1. WHO (2011). Global Tuberculosis Control Report 2010. WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland, pp-3.
    1. WHO (2012). Global Tuberculosis Control Report of 2011. WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland, pp-3, 29, 41.
    1. Barsegian V, Mathias KD, Smith PW, Wilde HG, Lindemann M (2008). Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in German radiologists. J Hos Infec, 69 (1): 69–76.
    1. Glaziou P, Falzon D, Floyd K, Raviglione M (2013). Global Epidemiology of Tuberculosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 34 (1): 3–16.
    1. Federal Minister of Health (FMOH) (2007). Implementation Guideline for TB/HIV Collaborative-Activities in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    1. WHO (2011). WHOXpert MTB/RIF increases timely TB detection among people living with HIV and saves lives Information note. WHO Press, pp-1.
    1. WHO (2003). Guidelines for Implementing Collaborative TB and HIV Programme Activities. WHO Press, Printed in Italy, pp-8.
    1. WHO (2012). Policy on collaborative TB/HIV activities Guidelines for national programmes and other stakeholders. WHO Press, Geneva, p-10.
    1. Hargreaves JR, Boccia D, Evans CA, Adato M, Petticrew M, Porter JDH (2011). The Social Determinants of Tuberculosis: From Evidence to Action, Framing Health Matters. Am J Public Health, 101 (4): 654–62.
    1. Córdoba-DoñaJ A, Novalbos-Ruiz JP, SuárezFarfante J, Andérica-Frías G, Escolar-Pujolar A (2012). Social inequalities in HIV-TB and non-HIV-TB patients in two urban areas in southern Spain: multilevel analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 16 (3): 342–7.
    1. Suk JE, Manissero D, Büscher G, Semenza JC (2009). Wealth inequality and tuberculosis elimination in Europe. Emerg Infect Dis, 15 (11): 1812–4.
    1. Vardhan KV, Wilson N, Das A, Satyanarayana S, Chadha S, et al. (2012). Addressing poverty through disease control programmes: examples from Tuberculosis control in India. Int J Equity in Health (11): 17.
    1. Getahun H, Gunneberg C, Granich R, Nunn P (2010). HIV infection-associated tuberculosis: the epidemiology and the response. Clin InfectDis. 50 (S3):s201–7.
    1. Miyata S, Tanaka M, Ihaku D (2013). The prognostic significance of nutritional status using malnutrition universal screening tool in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Nutr J, (12): 42.
    1. Pakasi TA, Karyadi E, Dolmans WM, van der Meer JW, van der Velden K (2009). Malnutrition and socio-demographic factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in Timor and Rote Islands, Indonesa. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 13 (6): 755–9.
    1. Lönnroth K, Jaramillo E, Williams BG, Dye C, Raviglione M (2009). Drivers of tuberculosis epidemics: the role of risk factors and social determinants. Soc Sci Med, 68 (12): 2240–6.
    1. E-Din MN, Elhoseeny T, Mohsen AM (2013). Factors affecting defaulting from DOTS therapy under the national programme of tuberculosis control in Alexandria, Egypt. East Mediterr Health J, 19 (2): 107–13.
    1. WHO (2006). Tuberculosis Coalition for Technical Assistance. International Standards for Tuberculosis Care (ISTC). The Hague: Tuberculosis Coalition for Technical Assistance, WHO Pres, pp-29–43.
    1. Méda ZC, Lin YT, Sombié I, Maré D, Morisky DE, Chen YM (2013). Medication adherence predictors among patients with tuberculosis or human immunodeficiency virus infection in Burkina Faso. J Microbiol Immunol Infect, pii: S1684–1182(13) 00080-7.
    1. Rehm J, Samokhvalov AV, Neuman MG, Room R, Parry C, Lönnroth K et al. (2009). The association between alcohol use, alcohol use disorders and tuberculosis (TB). A systematic review. BMC Public Health, (9): 450.
    1. Lönnroth K, Williams BG, Stadlin S, Jaramillo E, Dye C (2008). Alcohol use as a risk factor for tuberculosis a systematic review. BMC Public Health, (8): 289.
    1. Gajalakshmi V, Peto R (2009). Smoking, drinking and incident tuberculosis in rural India: population-based case-control study. Int J Epidemiol, 38 (4): 1018–1025.
    1. Pamela Orr (2011). Adherence to tuberculosis care in Canadian Aboriginal populations, Part 2: a comprehensive approach to fostering adherent behaviour. IJ Circumpolar Health, 70 (2): 128–40.
    1. Shao Y, Yang D, Xu W, Lu W, Song H, Dai Y, et al. (2011). Epidemiology of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in a Chinese population: current situation and challenges ahead. BMC Public Health, (11): 110.
    1. Russell DG, Barry CE, Flynn JL (2010). Tuberculosis: what we don’t know can, and does, hurt us? Science, 328 (5980): 852–6.
    1. Kant S, Maurya AK, Kushwaha RA, Nag VL, Prasad R (2010). Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis: an iatrogenic problem. Biosci Trends, 4 (2): 48–55.
    1. Yew WW, Leung CC (2008). Management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: Update 2007. Respirology, 13 (1): 21–46.
    1. Minion J, Gallant V, Wolfe J, Jamieson F, Long R (2013). Multidrug and Extensively Drug-resistant Tuberculosis in Canada 1997–2008: Demographic and Disease Characteristics. PLoS ONE, 8 (1): e53466.
    1. WHO (2008). Global Tuberculosis Control: Surveillance, Planning, Financing. Geneva, WHO Press; p-3.
    1. Obermeyer Z, Abbott-Klafter J, Murray CJL (2008). Has the DOTS Strategy Improved Case Finding or Treatment Success? An Empirical Assessment. PLoS ONE, 3 (3): e1721.
    1. Yin X, Tu X, Tong Y, Yang R, Wang Y, Cao S, et al. (2012). Development and Validation of a Tuberculosis Medication Adherence Scale. PLoS ONE 7 (12): e50328.
    1. WHO (2003). Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action. WHO Press, Geneva, p–135.
    1. Reichman LB, Lardizabal AA (2013). Adherence to tuberculosis treatment, p-1 Available: .
    1. Munro S, Lewin S, Swart T, Volmink J (2007). A review of health behaviour theories: how useful are these for developing interventions to promote long-term medication adherence for TB and HIV/AIDS? BMC Public Health, (7): 104.
    1. WHO (2013). Definitions and reporting framework for tuberculosis; revision, WHO Press, Switzerland: pp–4–6.
    1. Tachfouti N, Slama K, Berraho M, Elfakir S, Benjelloun C Nejjari M(2013). Determinants of Tuberculosis treatment default in Morocco: Results from a National Cohort Study. Pan Afr Med J, (14): 121.
    1. Tachfouti N, Slama K, Berraho M, Nejjari C (2012). The impact of knowledge and attitudes on adherence to tuberculosis treatment: a case-control study in a Moroccan region. Pan Afr Med J, (12): 52.
    1. Hasker E, Khodjikhanov M, Sayfiddinova S, Rasulova G, Yuldashova U, Uzakova G et al. (2010). Why do tuberculosis patients default in Tashkent City, Uzbekistan? A qualitative study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 14 (9): 1132–1139.
    1. Hasker E, Khodjikhanov M, Usarova Sh, Asamidinov U, Yuldashova U (2008). Default from tuberculosis treatment in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Who are these defaulters and why do they default? BMC Infec Dis, (8): 97.
    1. Gust AD, Mosimaneotsile B, Mathebula U, Chingapane B, Gaul Z, Pals LS, et al. (2011). Risk Factors for Non-Adherence and Loss to Follow-Up in a Three-Year Clinical Trial in Botswana. PLoS ONE, 6 (4): e18435.
    1. Widjanarko B, Gompelman M, Dijkers M, Werf MJ (2009). Factors that influence treatment adherence of tuberculosis patients living in Java, Indonesia. Patient Prefer Adherence, (3): 231–8.
    1. Sagbakken M, Frich CJ, Bjune G (2008). Barriers and enablers in the management of tuberculosis treatment in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a qualitative study. BMC Public, (8): 11.
    1. Kulkarni PY, Akarte SV, Mankeshwar RM, Bhawalkar JS, Banerjee A, Kulkarni AD (2013). Non-Adherence of New Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients to Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment. Ann Med Health Sci Res, 3 (1): 67–74.
    1. Naidoo P, Peltzer K, Louw J, Matseke G, Mchunu G, Tutshana B (2013). Predictors of tuberculosis (TB) and antiretroviral (ARV) medication non-adherence in public primary care patients in South Africa: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health, (13): 396.
    1. Bagchi S, Ambe G, Sathiakumar N (2010). Determinants of Poor Adherence to Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment in Mumbai, India. Int J Prev Med, 1 (4): 223–32.
    1. Cramm MJ, Finkenflüge H, Møller V, Nieboer AP (2010). TB treatment initiation and adherence in a South African community influenced more by perceptions than by knowledge of tuberculosis. BMC Public Health, (10): 72.
    1. Gebremariam KM, Bjune GA, Frich JC (2010). Barriers and facilitators of adherence to TB treatment in patients on concomitant TB and HIV treatment: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, (10): 651.
    1. Amuha GM, Kutyabami P, Kitutu FE, OdoiAdome R, Kalyango JN (2009). Non-adherence to anti-TB drugs among TB/HIV co-infected patients in Mbarara Hospital Uganda: Prevalence and associated factors. J Afr Health Scien, 9 (2): 8–15.
    1. Kebede A, Wabe TN (2012). Medication Adherence and its Determinants among Patients on Concomitant Tuberculosis and Antiretroviral Therapy in South West Ethiopia. N Am J Med Sci, 4 (2): 67–71.
    1. Xu W, Lu W, Zhou Y, Zhu L, Shen H, Wang J (2009). Adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment among pulmonary tuberculosis patients: a qualitative and quantitative study. BMC Health Serv Res, (9): 169.
    1. Yao S, Huang W, Hof S., Yang S, Wang X, Chen W et al. (2011). Treatment adherence among sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in mountainous areas in China. BMC Health Serv Res, (11): 341.
    1. Tadesse T, Demissie M, Berhane Y, Kebede Y, Abebe M (2013). Long distance travelling and financial burdens discourage tuberculosis DOTs treatment initiation and compliance in Ethiopia: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, (13): 424.
    1. Ayisi GJ, van’tHoog AH, Agaya JA, Mchembere W, Nyamthimba PO (2011). Care seeking and attitudes towards treatment compliance by newly enrolled tuberculosis patients in the district treatment programme in rural western Kenya: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, (11): 515.
    1. Castelnuovo B (2010). A review of compliance to anti tuberculosis treatment and risk factors for defaulting treatment in Sub Saharan Africa. Afr Health Sci, 10 (4): 320–4.
    1. GarridoMdS, Penna ML, Perez-Porcuna TM, Souza AB, MarreiroLdS, Albuquerque BC et al. (2012). Factors Associated with Tuberculosis Treatment Default in an Endemic Area of the Brazilian Amazon: A Case Control-Study. PLoS ONE, 7 (6):e39134.
    1. Muture NB, Keraka NM, Kimuu KP, Kabiru WE, Ombeka OV, Oguya F (2011). Factors associated with default from treatment among tuberculosis patients in Nairobi province, Kenya: A case control study. BMC Public Health, (11): 696.
    1. Ifebunandu NA, Kingsley Ukwaja N (2012). Tuberculosis treatment default in a large tertiary care hospital in urban Nigeria: Prevalence, trend, timing and predictors. J Infect Public Health, 5 (5): 340–5.
    1. Maruza M, Albuquerque MM, Coimbra1 I, Moura LV, Montarroyos UR (2011). Risk factors for default from tuberculosis treatment in HIV-infected individuals in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: a prospective cohort study. BMC Infec Dis, (11): 351.
    1. Elbireer S, Guwatudde D, Mudiope P, NabbuyeSekandi J, Manabe CY (2011). Tuberculosis treatment default among HIV-TB co-infected patients in urban Uganda. Trop Med and Int Health, 16 (8): 981–7.
    1. Wanitchaya K, Channawong B, Samroui K, Wanpen W, Chawin S (2009). Factors associated with tuberculosis treatment default among HIV-infected tuberculosis patients in Thailand. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 103 (1): 59–66.
    1. Vijay S, Kumar P, Chauhan LS, Vollepore BH, Kizhakkethil UP, Kizhakkethil UP et al. (2010). Risk Factors Associated with Default among New Smear Positive TB Patients Treated Under DOTS in India. PLoS ONE, 5 (4): e10043.
    1. Sendagire I, Schim Van der Loeff M, Kambugu A, Konde-Lule J, Cobelens F (2012). Urban Movement and Alcohol Intake Strongly Predict Defaulting from Tuberculosis Treatment: An Operational Study. PLoS ONE, 7 (5): e35908.
    1. Greene JA (2004). An Ethnography of Non-adherence: Culture, Poverty, and Tuberculosis in Urban Bolivia. Cult, Med and Psych (28): 401–25.
    1. Munro mail SA, Lewin SA, Smith HJ, Engel ME, Fretheim A, Volmink J (2007). Patient Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research. PLoS Med, 4 (7):e238.
    1. Liefooghe R, Muynck AD (2001). The Dynamics of Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence. JPMA, 51 (1): 3–9.
    1. Balbay O, Annakkaya AN, Arbak P, Bilgin C, Erbas M (2005). Which Patients Are Able To Adhere to Tuberculosis Treatment? A Study in a Rural Area in the Northwest Part of Turkey. Jpn J Infect Dis, 58 (3): 152–8.
    1. Gelmanova IY, Keshavjee S, Golubchikova VT, Berezina VI, Strelis AK, Yanova GV et al. (2007). Barriers to successful tuberculosis treatment in Tomsk, Russian Federation: non-adherence, default and the acquisition of multidrug resistance. Bul WHO, 85 (9): 703–11.
    1. Finlay A, Lancaster J, Holtz TH, Weyer K, Miranda A, Walt M (2012). Patient- and provider-level risk factors associated with default from tuberculosis treatment, South Africa, 2002: a case-control study. BMC Public Health, (12): 56.
    1. Nezenega ZS, Gacho YH/M, Tafere TE (2013). Patient satisfaction on tuberculosis treatment service and adherence to treatment in public health facilities of Sidama zone, South Ethiopia. BMC Health Serv Res, 13 (1): 110.
    1. Mesfin MM, Newell JN, Walley JD, Gessessew A, Tesfaye T, et al. (2009). Quality of tuberculosis care and its association with patient adherence to treatment in eight Ethiopian districts. Health Policy Plan, 24 (6): 457–66.

Source: PubMed

Sponsorzy i współpracownicy

Warunki medyczne

Interwencje lekowe

3
Subskrybuj