ALK-rearrangement in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Xue Du, Yun Shao, Hai-Feng Qin, Yan-Hong Tai, Hong-Jun Gao, Xue Du, Yun Shao, Hai-Feng Qin, Yan-Hong Tai, Hong-Jun Gao

Abstract

The ALK gene encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. ALK is physiologically expressed in the nervous system during embryogenesis, but its expression decreases postnatally. ALK first emerged in the field of oncology in 1994 when it was identified to fuse to NPM1 in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Since then, ALK has been associated with other types of cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). More than 19 different ALK fusion partners have been discovered in NSCLC, including EML4, KIF5B, KLC1, and TPR. Most of these ALK fusions in NSCLC patients respond well to the ALK inhibitor, crizotinib. In this paper, we reviewed fusion partner genes with ALK, detection methods for ALK-rearrangement (ALK-R), and the ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, crizotinib, used in NSCLC patients.

Keywords: ALK-rearrangement (ALK-R); ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI); anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK); detection platforms; non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

© 2018 The Authors. Thoracic Cancer published by China Lung Oncology Group and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) The ALK gene location in the genome; (b) structural organization of ALK protein; and (c) the domain of the fusion protein.

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