Normative measurements of grip and pinch strengths of 21st century korean population

Jin Hee Shim, Si Young Roh, Jin Soo Kim, Dong Chul Lee, Sae Hwi Ki, Jae Won Yang, Man Kyung Jeon, Sang Myung Lee, Jin Hee Shim, Si Young Roh, Jin Soo Kim, Dong Chul Lee, Sae Hwi Ki, Jae Won Yang, Man Kyung Jeon, Sang Myung Lee

Abstract

Background: Measuring grip and pinch strength is an important part of hand injury evaluation. Currently, there are no standardized values of normal grip and pinch strength among the Korean population, and lack of such data prevents objective evaluation of post-surgical recovery in strength. This study was designed to establish the normal values of grip and pinch strength among the healthy Korean population and to identify any dependent variables affecting grip and pinch strength.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out. The inclusion criterion was being a healthy Korean person without a previous history of hand trauma. The grip strength was measured using a Jamar dynamometer. Pulp and key pinch strength were measured with a hydraulic pinch gauge. Intra-individual and inter-individual variations in these variables were analyzed in a standardized statistical manner.

Results: There were a total of 336 healthy participants between 13 and 77 years of age. As would be expected in any given population, the mean grip and pinch strength was greater in the right hand than the left. Male participants (137) showed mean strengths greater than female participants (199) when adjusted for age. Among the male participants, anthropometric variables correlated positively with grip strength, but no such correlations were identifiable in female participants in a statistically significant way.

Conclusions: Objective measurements of hand strength are an important component of hand injury evaluation, and population-specific normative data are essential for clinical and research purposes. This study reports updated normative hand strengths of the South Korean population in the 21st century.

Keywords: Demographic transition; Hand strength; Korean population; Muscle dynamometer; Pinch strength.

Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

References

    1. Rosen B. Recovery of sensory and motor function after nerve repair. A rationale for evaluation. J Hand Ther. 1996;9:315–327.
    1. Chau N, Petry D, Bourgkard E, et al. Comparison between estimates of hand volume and hand strengths with sex and age with and without anthropometric data in healthy working people. Eur J Epidemiol. 1997;13:309–316.
    1. Vaz M, Thangam S, Prabhu A, et al. Maximal voluntary contraction as a functional indicator of adult chronic undernutrition. Br J Nutr. 1996;76:9–15.
    1. Jeejeebhoy KN. Nutritional assessment. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1998;27:347–369.
    1. Wilson DO, Rogers RM, Sanders MH, et al. Nutritional intervention in malnourished patients with emphysema. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986;134:672–677.
    1. Efthimiou J, Fleming J, Gomes C, et al. The effect of supplementary oral nutrition in poorly nourished patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988;137:1075–1082.
    1. Reikeras O. Bilateral differences of normal hand strength. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1983;101:223–224.
    1. Massy-Westropp N, Rankin W, Ahern M, et al. Measuring grip strength in normal adults: reference ranges and a comparison of electronic and hydraulic instruments. J Hand Surg Am. 2004;29:514–519.
    1. Crosby CA, Wehbe MA, Mawr B. Hand strength: normative values. J Hand Surg Am. 1994;19:665–670.
    1. Heimburger O, Qureshi AR, Blaner WS, et al. Hand-grip muscle strength, lean body mass, and plasma proteins as markers of nutritional status in patients with chronic renal failure close to start of dialysis therapy. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;36:1213–1225.
    1. Nevill AM, Holder RL. Modelling handgrip strength in the presence of confounding variables: results from the Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey. Ergonomics. 2000;43:1547–1558.
    1. Josty IC, Tyler MP, Shewell PC, et al. Grip and pinch strength variations in different types of workers. J Hand Surg Br. 1997;22:266–269.
    1. Chong CK, Tseng CH, Wong MK, et al. Grip and pinch strength in Chinese adults and their relationship with anthropometric factors. J Formos Med Assoc. 1994;93:616–621.
    1. Gunther CM, Burger A, Rickert M, et al. Grip strength in healthy caucasian adults: reference values. J Hand Surg Am. 2008;33:558–565.
    1. Mathiowetz V, Kashman N, Volland G, et al. Grip and pinch strength: normative data for adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1985;66:69–74.
    1. Haidar SG, Kumar D, Bassi RS, et al. Average versus maximum grip strength: which is more consistent? J Hand Surg Br. 2004;29:82–84.
    1. Oh CH. Grip strength as measured by the Jamar Dynamometer for normal Korean. New Med J. 1975;18:1507–1516.
    1. Kim S, Moon S, Popkin BM. The nutrition transition in South Korea. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:44–53.
    1. Chaisson CE, Zhang Y, Sharma L, et al. Grip strength and the risk of developing radiographic hand osteoarthritis: results from the Framingham Study. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:33–38.
    1. Schmidt RT, Toews JV. Grip strength as measured by the Jamar dynamometer. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1970;51:321–327.
    1. Lunde BK, Brewer WD, Garcia PA. Grip strength of college women. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1972;53:491–493.

Source: PubMed

3
Subskrybuj