Impact of kidney transplantation on sleep apnea severity: A prospective polysomnographic study

Valentina Forni Ogna, Adam Ogna, José Haba-Rubio, Grzegorz Nowak, Jean-Pierre Venetz, Délaviz Golshayan, Maurice Matter, Michel Burnier, Manuel Pascual, Raphaël Heinzer, Valentina Forni Ogna, Adam Ogna, José Haba-Rubio, Grzegorz Nowak, Jean-Pierre Venetz, Délaviz Golshayan, Maurice Matter, Michel Burnier, Manuel Pascual, Raphaël Heinzer

Abstract

Fluid overload has been associated with a high prevalence of sleep apnea (SA) in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). In this prospective study, we hypothesized that improvement in kidney function and hydration status after kidney transplantation (Tx) may result in an improvement in SA severity. A total of 196 patients on the kidney Tx waiting list were screened for SA using home nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) to measure the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and underwent bioimpedance to assess body composition. Of 88 participants (44.9%) with SA (AHI ≥ 15/h), 42 were reassessed 6 months post-Tx and were compared with 27 control patients. There was a significant, but small, post-Tx improvement in AHI (from 44.2 ± 24.3 to 34.7 ± 20.9/h, P = .02) that significantly correlated with a reduction in fluid overload (from 1.8 ± 2.0 to 1.2 ± 1.2 L, P = .02) and body water (from 54.9% to 51.6%, P = .003). A post-Tx increase in body fat mass (from 26% to 30%, P = .003) possibly blunted the beneficial impact of kidney Tx on SA. All parameters remained unchanged in the control group. In conclusion, SA is a frequent condition in ESKD patients and partially improved by kidney Tx. We suggest that SA should be systematically assessed before and after kidney Tx. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02020642.

Keywords: clinical research/practice; disease pathogenesis; kidney transplantation/nephrology; kidney transplantation: living donor; lung disease.

© 2020 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

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