Marginal and internal fit of heat pressed versus CAD/CAM fabricated all-ceramic onlays after exposure to thermo-mechanical fatigue

Petra C Guess, Thaleia Vagkopoulou, Yu Zhang, Martin Wolkewitz, Joerg R Strub, Petra C Guess, Thaleia Vagkopoulou, Yu Zhang, Martin Wolkewitz, Joerg R Strub

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of heat-pressed and CAD/CAM fabricated all-ceramic onlays before and after luting as well as after thermo-mechanical fatigue.

Materials and methods: Seventy-two caries-free, extracted human mandibular molars were randomly divided into three groups (n=24/group). All teeth received an onlay preparation with a mesio-occlusal-distal inlay cavity and an occlusal reduction of all cusps. Teeth were restored with heat-pressed IPS-e.max-Press* (IP, *Ivoclar-Vivadent) and Vita-PM9 (VP, Vita-Zahnfabrik) as well as CAD/CAM fabricated IPS-e.max-CAD* (IC, Cerec 3D/InLab/Sirona) all-ceramic materials. After cementation with a dual-polymerising resin cement (VariolinkII*), all restorations were subjected to mouth-motion fatigue (98 N, 1.2 million cycles; 5°C/55°C). Marginal fit discrepancies were examined on epoxy replicas before and after luting as well as after fatigue at 200× magnification. Internal fit was evaluated by multiple sectioning technique. For the statistical analysis, a linear model was fitted with accounting for repeated measurements.

Results: Adhesive cementation of onlays resulted in significantly increased marginal gap values in all groups, whereas thermo-mechanical fatigue had no effect. Marginal gap values of all test groups were equal after fatigue exposure. Internal discrepancies of CAD/CAM fabricated restorations were significantly higher than both press manufactured onlays.

Conclusions: Mean marginal gap values of the investigated onlays before and after luting as well as after fatigue were within the clinically acceptable range. Marginal fit was not affected by the investigated heat-press versus CAD/CAM fabrication technique. Press fabrication resulted in a superior internal fit of onlays as compared to the CAD/CAM technique.

Clinical relevance: Clinical requirements of 100 μm for marginal fit were fulfilled by the heat-press as well as by the CAD/CAM fabricated all-ceramic onlays. Superior internal fit was observed with the heat-press manufacturing method. The impact of present findings on the clinical long-term behaviour of differently fabricated all-ceramic onlays warrants further investigation.

Keywords: All-ceramic materials; CAD/CAM; Internal fit; Marginal fit; Onlay restoration; Thermo-mechanical fatigue.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Occlusal and proximal views of the standardised preparation on a typodont mandibular molar.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Internal fit evaluation. (a) Overview of the three bucco-lingual sections planes within the samples. (b) Localisation of the 11 preselected internal fit measuring points in the median section. (c) Localisation of the 11 preselected internal fit measuring points in the right lateral section.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Internal fit evaluation. (a) Overview of the three mesio-distal sections planes within the samples. (b) Localisation of the 11 preselected internal fit measuring points in the median section (c) Localisation of the 11 preselected internal fit measuring points in the lingual section.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Schematic illustration of the marginal gap measurement. Two marked points (edge of the preparation margin and the margin of the restoration) were related by a software and the distance was calculated.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Least square means and confidence intervals (CI) of the marginal gap values in mm (IP = IPS e.max Press, IC = IPS e.max CAD, VP = VITA PM9, phase 0 = before cementation, phase 1 = after cementation, phase 2 = after fatigue).
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Least square means in μm and confidence intervals of the internal fit values (IPS = e.max Press, IPS = e.max CAD, VP = VITA PM9).

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