The effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in alcohol dependence treatment--a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study

Marina N Fogaça, Ruth F Santos-Galduróz, Jaqueline K Eserian, José Carlos F Galduróz, Marina N Fogaça, Ruth F Santos-Galduróz, Jaqueline K Eserian, José Carlos F Galduróz

Abstract

Background: The lipid fraction of cell membranes consists of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAS), and chronic alcohol use alters it, modifying its permeability, what might contribute for the dysfunctional metabolism observed in the central nervous system of alcohol dependent patients. Therefore, the supplementation of PUFAS can be an important adjuvant in alcoholism treatment.

Methods: This was a placebo controlled, double blind, randomized study where, 80 alcohol dependent patients, according to DSM-IV, were allocated in four groups with 20 patient each: 'PUFAS', 'Naltrexone', 'Naltrexone + PUFAS' and 'Placebo'. Those substances were administered for 90 days and scales were applied to assess patients craving (OCDS) and alcohol dependence severity (SADD) at baseline and after 90 days. PUFAS serum levels were assessed before and after treatment by high performance liquid chromatography assay.

Results: Forty-three patients completed the trial. There was a significant improvement over time on drinking days, SADD and OCDS scores in all groups (p < 0.001). The drinking days comparison between groups did not show statistical significant difference. The same effect was observed for compulsion (OCDS) and severity of dependence scale (SADD). The serum levels of PUFAS increased in all the supplemented groups after treatment, although not significantly.

Conclusions: The oral supplementation of 2 g PUFAS for 3 months did not significantly differ from placebo in reducing the amount of alcohol ingestion, or OCDS and SADD scores in a group of alcohol dependent patient.

Trial registration: NCT01211769.

© 2011 Fogaça et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Repeated Measures ANOVA of "Drinking Days", OCDS scale and SADD questionnaire. (A) This graph represents the repeated measures ANOVA comparing the mean values of "drinking days" from baseline over time between the studied groups. (B) This graph represents the repeated measures ANOVA comparing the mean values of OCDS scale from baseline over time between the studied groups. (C) This graph represents the repeated measures ANOVA comparing the mean values of SADD questionnaire from baseline over time between the studied groups. * p values ≤ 0.001.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Repeated Measures ANOVA of PUFAS serum measures. (A) This graph represents the repeated measures ANOVA comparing the mean values of the percentage of EPA obtained from plasma total lipids, from baseline over time between the studied groups. (B) This graph represents the repeated measures ANOVA comparing the mean values of the percentage of DHA obtained from plasma total lipids, from baseline over time between the studied groups. (C) This graph represents the repeated measures ANOVA comparing the mean values of the percentage of AA obtained from plasma total lipids, from baseline over time between the studied groups. (D) This graph represents the repeated measures ANOVA comparing the mean values of the percentage of Linoleic Acid obtained from plasma total lipids, from baseline over time between the studied groups.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Repeated Measures ANOVA of LDL and total cholesterol. (A) This graph represents the repeated measures ANOVA comparing the mean values of Total cholesterol from baseline over time between the studied groups. (B) This graph represents the repeated measures ANOVA comparing the mean values of LDL cholesterol from baseline over time between the studied groups.

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