Effect of 12-Month Resistance Training on Changes in Abdominal Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Variables in Patients with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Juan Yan, Xia Dai, Jitao Feng, Xiaodan Yuan, Jianing Li, Lihong Yang, Panpan Zuo, Zhaohui Fang, Chao Liu, Cunyi Hsue, Junya Zhu, Joshua D Miller, Qingqing Lou, Juan Yan, Xia Dai, Jitao Feng, Xiaodan Yuan, Jianing Li, Lihong Yang, Panpan Zuo, Zhaohui Fang, Chao Liu, Cunyi Hsue, Junya Zhu, Joshua D Miller, Qingqing Lou

Abstract

Objective: To examine the effects of resistance training relative to aerobic training on abdominal adipose tissue and metabolic variables in adults with prediabetes.

Methods: 105 participants with prediabetes were randomized into the resistance training group (RT, n = 35), aerobic training group (AT, n = 35), and control group (CG, n = 35). The participants completed supervised 12-month exercise; the control group followed the primary lifestyle without exercise intervention. The primary outcomes were visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) measured by computed tomography (CT). Secondary outcomes were body composition, lipid profile, and metabolic variables.

Results: A total of 93 participants completed the study. There were nonsignificant differences between groups before intervention. After training, VAT decreased significantly in AT and RT compared with CG (P = 0.001 and P = 0.014, respectively). Although no significant difference in SAT was found across groups, SAT decreased significantly over time within each exercise group (all P = 0.001). Increase in muscle mass was greater in RT than that in AT and CG (P = 0.031 and P = 0.045, respectively). Compared with CG, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) decreased significantly in RT and AT (P = 0.003 and P = 0.014, respectively). There was a significant difference in the number of prediabetes who converted to diabetes among AT and RT, as compared with the control group (P = 0.031 and P = 0.011, respectively). No significant differences were observed in lipid, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin (FI), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β across groups.

Conclusion: Both aerobic training and resistance training are effective in reducing abdominal adipose tissue and fasting plasma glucose in adults with prediabetes. Importantly, resistance training but not aerobic training is effective in augmenting muscle mass.

Trial registration: The trial is registered with NCT02561377 (date of registration: 24/09/2015).

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Copyright © 2019 Juan Yan et al.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Participant flow diagram.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparisons of BMI, TC, SAT, and HbA1c at the baseline and follow-up within groups.

References

    1. Meigs J. B., Muller D. C., Nathan D. M., Blake D. R., Andres R. The natural history of progression from normal glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Diabetes. 2003;52(6):1475–1484. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.52.6.1475.
    1. Saad M. F., Knowler W. C., Pettitt D. J., Nelson R. G., Mott D. M., Bennett P. H. The natural history of impaired glucose tolerance in the Pima Indians. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1988;319(23):1500–1506. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198812083192302.
    1. Knowler W. C., Barrett-Connor E., Fowler S. E., et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2002;346(6):393–403. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa012512.
    1. Nathan D. M., Davidson M. B., DeFronzo R. A., et al. Impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance: implications for care. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2007;30(3):753–759. doi: 10.2337/dc07-9920.
    1. Venables M. C., Jeukendrup A. E. Physical inactivity and obesity: links with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. 2009;25(S1):S18–S23. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.983.
    1. Dora J. M., Kramer C. K., Canani L. H. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2008: response to Hirsch, Inzucchi, and Kirkman. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(5):p. e44. doi: 10.2337/dc08-0109.
    1. Marwick T. H., Hordern M. D., Miller T., et al. Exercise training for type 2 diabetes mellitus: impact on cardiovascular risk: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2009;119(25):3244–3262. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192521.
    1. Tchernof A., Despres J. P. Pathophysiology of human visceral obesity: an update. Physiological Reviews. 2013;93(1):359–404. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2011.
    1. Jensen M. D. Role of body fat distribution and the metabolic complications of obesity. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2008;93(11_supplement_1):s57–s63. doi: 10.1210/jc.2008-1585.
    1. Mathieu P., Poirier P., Pibarot P., Lemieux I., Despres J.-P. Visceral obesity. Hypertension. 2009;53(4):577–584. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.110320.
    1. Ismail I., Keating S. E., Baker M. K., Johnson N. A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of aerobic vs. resistance exercise training on visceral fat. Obesity Reviews. 2012;13(1):68–91. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00931.x.
    1. Kay S. J., Fiatarone Singh M. A. The influence of physical activity on abdominal fat: a systematic review of the literature. Obesity Reviews. 2006;7(2):183–200. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2006.00250.x.
    1. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes 2012. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(Supplement_1):S11–S63. doi: 10.2337/dc12-s011.
    1. Liu L., Feng J., Zhang G., et al. Visceral adipose tissue is more strongly associated with insulin resistance than subcutaneous adipose tissue in Chinese subjects with pre-diabetes. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2017;34(1):123–129. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1364226.
    1. Bacchi E., Negri C., Zanolin M. E., et al. Metabolic effects of aerobic training and resistance training in type 2 diabetic subjects: a randomized controlled trial (the RAED2 study) Diabetes Care. 2012;35(4):676–682. doi: 10.2337/dc11-1655.
    1. Lee S. J., Bacha F., Hannon T., Kuk J. L., Boesch C., Arslanian S. Effects of aerobic versus resistance exercise without caloric restriction on abdominal fat, intrahepatic lipid, and insulin sensitivity in obese adolescent boys: a randomized, controlled trial. Diabetes. 2012;61(11):2787–2795. doi: 10.2337/db12-0214.
    1. Castaneda C., Layne J. E., Munoz-Orians L., et al. A randomized controlled trial of resistance exercise training to improve glycemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(12):2335–2341. doi: 10.2337/diacare.25.12.2335.
    1. Kwon H. R., Han K. A., Ku Y. H., et al. The effects of resistance training on muscle and body fat mass and muscle strength in type 2 diabetic women. Korean Diabetes Journal. 2010;34(2):101–110. doi: 10.4093/kdj.2010.34.2.101.
    1. Mandic S., Myers J., Selig S. E., Levinger I. Resistance versus aerobic exercise training in chronic heart failure. Current Heart Failure Reports. 2012;9(1):57–64. doi: 10.1007/s11897-011-0078-0.
    1. Murai J., Nishizawa H., Otsuka A., et al. Low muscle quality in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with visceral fat accumulation. Cardiovascular Diabetology. 2018;17(1):p. 112. doi: 10.1186/s12933-018-0755-3.
    1. Ibanez J., Izquierdo M., Arguelles I., et al. Twice-weekly progressive resistance training decreases abdominal fat and improves insulin sensitivity in older men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(3):662–667. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.3.662.
    1. Pan X. R., Li G. W., Hu Y. H., et al. Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care. 1997;20(4):537–544. doi: 10.2337/diacare.20.4.537.
    1. Li G., Zhang P., Wang J., et al. The long-term effect of lifestyle interventions to prevent diabetes in the China Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study: a 20-year follow-up study. The Lancet. 2008;371(9626):1783–1789. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60766-7.
    1. Lee S. J., Deldin A. R., White D., et al. Aerobic exercise but not resistance exercise reduces intrahepatic lipid content and visceral fat and improves insulin sensitivity in obese adolescent girls: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2013;305(10):E1222–E1229. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00285.2013.

Source: PubMed

Sponsorzy i współpracownicy

Warunki medyczne

Interwencje lekowe

3
Subskrybuj