The STRONG Kids 2 Birth Cohort Study: A Cell-to-Society Approach to Dietary Habits and Weight Trajectories across the First 5 Years of Life

Barbara H Fiese, Salma Musaad, Kelly K Bost, Brent A McBride, Soo-Yeun Lee, Margarita Teran-Garcia, Sharon M Donovan, Barbara H Fiese, Salma Musaad, Kelly K Bost, Brent A McBride, Soo-Yeun Lee, Margarita Teran-Garcia, Sharon M Donovan

Abstract

Background: Dietary habits formed during the first 5 y of life portend lifelong eating patterns.

Objective: The Synergistic Theory Research Obesity and Nutrition Group (STRONG) Kids 2 birth cohort study aimed to examine multilevel predictors of weight trajectories and dietary habits including individual biology, child socioemotional and behavioral characteristics, family environment, and child care environment over the first 5 y of life. This report describes recruitment strategies, an overview of survey measures, and basic descriptive statistics of the cohort.

Methods: The cohort includes 468 mothers and their offspring. A brief survey was completed at a 1-wk home visit including child's birth weight, intent to breastfeed, collection of an infant stool sample, and additional contact information should the family move. Mothers completed surveys including diet, child temperament, family environment, and child care when their child was 6 wk, 3, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 60 mo of age. Height and weight of the mother and child were collected at each visit. Stool samples of the child were collected at each visit as well as saliva at 1 visit.

Results: Close to half of the mothers were either overweight (24.2%) or obese (25.2%) prepregnancy. At 6 wk of age, 32.9% of the children were overweight and 31.4% were obese based on direct measurement.

Conclusions: The STRONG Kids 2 research team has adopted a socioecological model that accounts for multiple influences on children's health including biological, child social and behavioral, family household organization, and community factors. The study is limited by a relatively educated and nondiverse sample. However, variations in maternal and child weight may inform future prevention programs and policy aimed at improving the diet and health of children under the age of 5 y.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03341858.

Keywords: birth cohort study; nutrition; pediatric obesity; socioecological model; weight trajectories.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
The Six C's theoretical model guiding the Synergistic Theory Research Obesity and Nutrition Group Kids 2 cohort study. SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; TANF, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families; WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Recruitment timeline.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Recruitment flow.

References

    1. Ogden CL, Carroll A, Lawman H, Fryar C, Kruszon-Moran D, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Trends in obesity prevalence among children and adolescents in the United States, 1988–1994 through 2013–2014. JAMA 2016;315:2292–9.
    1. Rose CM, Birch LL, Savage JS. Dietary patterns in infancy are associated with child diet and weight outcomes at 6 years. Int J Obes 2017;41:783–8.
    1. Saavedra JM, Deming DM, Dattilo A, Reidy K. Lessons from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study in North America: what children eat, and implications for obesity prevention. Ann Nutr Metab 2013;62(Suppl 3):27–36.
    1. Wang J, Wu Y, Xiong G, Chao T, Jin Q, Liu R, Hao L, Wei S, Yang N, Yang X. Introduction of complementary feeding before 4 months of age increases the risk of childhood overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Nutr Res 2016;36:759–70.
    1. Baidal JAW, Locks LM, Cheng ER, Blake-Lamb TL, Perkins ME, Taveras EM. Risk factors for childhood obesity in the first 1,000 days. Am J Prev Med 2015;50:761–79.
    1. Deming DM, Reidy KC, Fox MK, Briefel RR, Jacquier E, Eldridge AL. Cross-sectional analysis of eating patterns and snacking in the US Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study 2008. Public Health Nutr 2017;20:1584–92.
    1. Harrison K, Bost KK, McBride BA, Donovan SM, Grigsby-Toussaint DS, Kim J, Liechty JM, Wiley AR, Teran-Garcia M, Jacobsohn GC. Toward a developmental conceptualization of contributors to overweight and obesity in childhood: the Six-C's model. Child Dev Perspect 2011;5:50–8.
    1. Fiese BH, Bost KK, McBride BA, Donovan SM. Childhood obesity from cell to society. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013;24:375–7.
    1. Birch LL, Anzman SL. Learning to eat in an obesogenic environment: a developmental systems perspective on childhood obesity. Child Dev Perspect 2010;4:138–43.
    1. Kitzman-Ulrich H, Wilson DB, St., George SM, Lawman H, Segal M, Fairchild A. The integration of a family systems approach for understanding youth obesity, physical activity, and dietary programs. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2010;13:231–53.
    1. Bronfenbrenner U. Toward an experimental ecology of human development. Am Psychol 1977;32:513–31.
    1. Bronfenbrenner U, Evans GW. Developmental science in the 21st century: emerging questions, theoretical models, research designs, and empirical findings. Soc Dev 2000;9:115–25.
    1. IOM (Institute of Medicine) Examining a developmental approach to childhood obesity: the fetal and early childhood years: workshop summary. Washington (DC): The National Academies Press; 2015.
    1. Carling SJ, Demment MM, Kjolhede CL, Olson CM. Breastfeeding duration and weight gain trajectory in infancy. Pediatrics 2015;135:111–19.
    1. Haszard JJ, Russell CG, Byrne RA, Taylor RW, Campbell KJ. Early maternal feeding practices: associations with overweight later in childhood. Appetite 2019;132:91–6.
    1. Chung WK, Patki A, Matsuoka N, Boyer BB, Liu N, Musani SK, Goropashnaya AV, Tan PL, Katsanis N, Johnson SB et al. .. Analysis of 30 genes (355 SNP's) related to energy homeostasis for association with adiposity in European-American and Yup'ik Eskimo populations. Hum Hered 2009;67:193–205.
    1. Wheeler E, Huang N, Bochukova EG, Heogh JM, Lindsay S, Garg S, Henning E, Blackburn H, Loos RJ, Wareham NJ et al. .. Genome-wide SNP and CNV analysis identifies common and low-frequency variants associated with severe early-onset obesity. Nat Genet 2013;45:513–17.
    1. Wang Y, Wang A, Donovan S, Teran-Garcia M; The STRONG Kids Team Individual genetic variations related to satiety and appetite control increase risk of obesity in preschool-age children in the STRONG Kids Program. Hum Hered 2013;75:152–9.
    1. Bost KK, Teran-Garcia M, Donovan SM, Fiese BH. Child body mass index, genotype, and parenting in the prediction of restrictive feeding. Pediatr Obes 2018;13:239–46.
    1. Jones BL, Fiese BH; The STRONG Kids Team Parent routines, child routines, and family demographics associated with obesity in parents and preschool-aged children. Front Psychol 2014;5:374.
    1. Dev DA, McBride BA, Speirs KE, Donovan SM, Cho HK. Predictors of Head Start and child-care providers’ healthful and controlling feeding practices with children aged 2 to 5 years. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014;114:1396–403.
    1. National Institutes of Health, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: the evidence report. NIH Publication No. 98-4083 Rockville, MD: NHLBI; 1998.
    1. Grummer-Strawn LM, Reinold C, Krebs NF. Use of World Health Organization and CDC growth charts for children aged 0–59 months in the United States. MMWR Recomm Rep 2010;59:1184.
    1. Lederman SA, Paxton A. Maternal reporting of prepregnancy weight and birth outcome: consistency and completeness compared with the clinical record. Matern Child Health J 1998;2:123–6.
    1. Fulkerson JA, Nelson MC, Lytle LA, Moe S, Heitzler C, Pasche KE. The validation of a home food inventory. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2008;28:55–65.
    1. Ouyang S, Tang R, Liu Z, Ma F, Li Y, Wu J. Characterization and predicted role of microRNA expression profiles associated with early childhood obesity. Mol Med Rep 2017;16:3799–806.
    1. Thompson MD, Cismowski MJ, Serpico M, Pusateri A, Brigstock DR. Elevation of circulating microRNA levels in obese children compared to healthy controls. Clin Obes 2017;7:216–21.
    1. Berding K, Holscher HD, Arthur AE, Donovan SM. Fecal microbiome composition and stability in 4- to 8-year old children is associated with dietary patterns and nutrient intakes. J Nutr Biochem 2018;56:165–74.
    1. Schwartz S, Friedberg I, Ivanov I, Davidson LA, Goldsby JS, Dahl DB, Herman D, Wang M, Donovan SM, Chapkin RS. A metagenomic study of diet-dependent interaction between gut microbiota and host in infants reveals differences in developmental and immune responses. Genome Biol 2012;13:R32.
    1. Bazanella M, Maier TV, Clavel T, Lagkouvardos I, Lucio M, Maldonado-Gomez MX, Autran C, Walter J, Bode L, Schmitt-Kopplin P et al. .. Randomized controlled trial on the impact of early-life intervention with bifidobacteria on the healthy infant fecal microbiota and metabolome. Am J Clin Nutr 2017;106:1274–86.
    1. Shealy KR, Scanlon KS, Labiner-Wolfe J, Fein SB, Grummer-Strawn LM. Characteristics of breastfeeding practices among US mothers. Pediatrics 2008;122:S50–5.
    1. Nutrition Quest Block questionnaire for ages 2-7—kids 2-7 FFQ; 2014[Internet]. Available from: . Accessed January 8, 2019.
    1. Block G, Woods M, Potosky A, Clifford C. Validation of a self-administered diet history questionnaire using multiple diet records. J Clin Epidemiol 1990;43:1327–35.
    1. Boucher B, Cotterchio M, Kreiger N, Nadalin V, Block T, Block G. Validity and reliability of the Block98 food-frequency questionnaire in a sample of Canadian women. Public Health Nutr 2006;9:84–93.
    1. McHorney CA, Ware JE, Rogers W, Raczek AE, Lu JFR. The validity and relative precision of MOS Short- and Long- Form Health Status Scales and Dartmouth COOP charts: results from the Medical Outcomes Study. Med Care 1992;30:253s–65s.
    1. McKenzie TL, Sallis JF, Rosengard P. Beyond the stucco tower: design, development, and dissemination of the SPARK physical education programs. Quest 2009;61:114–27.
    1. Mindell JA, Meltzer LJ, Carskadon MA, Chervin RD. Developmental aspects of sleep hygiene: findings from the 2004 National Sleep Foundation Sleep in Americapoll. Sleep Med 2009;10:771–9.
    1. Sadeh A. Sleep assessment methods. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 2015;80:33–48.
    1. Gartstein MA, Rothbart MK. Studying infant temperament via the Revised Infant Behavior Questionnaire. Infant Behav Dev 2003;26:64–86.
    1. Gioia GA, Espy KA, Isquith PK. Behavior rating inventory of executive function—pre-school version. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.; 2003.
    1. Lewinsohn PM, Denoma JM, Gau JM, Joiner TE, Striegel-Moore R, Bear P, Lamourex B. Problematic eating and feeding behaviors of 36-month-old children. Int J Eat Disord 2005;38:208–19.
    1. Boquin M, Smith-Simpson S, Donovan SM, Lee SY. Mealtime behaviors and food consumption of perceived picky and nonpicky eaters through home use test. J Food Sci 2014;79:S2523–32.
    1. Musher-Eizenman D, Holub S. Comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire: validation of a new measure of parental feeding practices. J Pediatr Psychol 2007;32:960–72.
    1. Hughes SO, Power TG, Fisher JO, Mueller S, Nicklas TA. Revisiting a neglected construct: parenting styles in a child-feeding context. Appetite 2005;44:83–92.
    1. Henderson JA, Jordan SS. Development and preliminary evaluation of the Bedtime Routines Questionnaire. Journal Psychopathol Behav Assess 2010;32:271–80.
    1. Fiese BH, Kline CA. Development of the Family Ritual Questionnaire: initial reliability and validation studies. J Fam Psychol 1993;6:1–10.
    1. Matheny A, Wachs TD, Ludwig J, Philips K. Bringing order out of chaos. J Appl Dev Psychol 1995;16:429–44.
    1. Common Sense Media Zero to eight: children's media use in America 2011 [Internet]. San Francisco, CA: Common Sense Media; 2011. Available from: .
    1. Barrera M, Caples H, Tein J. The psychological sense of economic hardship: measurement models, validity, and cross-ethnic equivalence for urban families. Am J Community Psychol 2001;29:493–517.
    1. Adler NE, Boyce T, Chesney MA, Cohen S, Folkman S, Kahn RL, Syme SL. Socioeconomic status and health: the challenge of the gradient. Am Psychol 1994;49:15–24.
    1. Bickel G, Nord M. Measuring food security in the United States: guide to measuring household food security. Rev 2000 Alexandria, VA: US Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Services, Office of Analysis, Nutrition and Evaluation; 2000.
    1. Bichteler A, Gershoff ET. Identification of children's BMI trajectories and prediction from weight gain in infancy. Pediatr Obes 2018;26:1050–6.
    1. Linares J, Corvalan C, Galleguillos B, Kain J, Gonzalez L, Uay R, Garmendia ML, Mericq V. The effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and maternal factors on the timing of adiposity rebound in offspring. Obesity 2016;24:1313–19.
    1. Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Factors influencing the intestinal microbiome during the first year of life. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018;37:e315–35.
    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Breastfeeding report card. United States, 2018 [Internet]. Atlanta, GA: CDC; 2018. Available from: .

Source: PubMed

Sponsorzy i współpracownicy

Warunki medyczne

Interwencje lekowe

3
Subskrybuj