The development of vaginal microbicides for the prevention of HIV transmission

Jonathan Weber, Kamal Desai, Janet Darbyshire, Microbicides Development Programme, Jonathan Weber, Kamal Desai, Janet Darbyshire, Microbicides Development Programme

Abstract

Given that we still do not have an effective vaccine against HIV, the development of novel biomedical methods for preventing HIV transmission remains a top priority in controlling the HIV pandemic.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: JW and JD are principal investigators on the Microbicides Development Programme, which is trialling PRO 2000.

Figures

Women at a Microbicides Development Programme phase…
Women at a Microbicides Development Programme phase III trial site
(Photo: Frank Herholdt; Copyright: © 2005 Microbicides Development Programme. This is an open-access photo distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.)
Figure 1. Sites of Action of Candidate…
Figure 1. Sites of Action of Candidate Microbicides
(Illustration: Giovanni Maki)

References

    1. Coordinating Committee of the Global HIV/ AIDS Vaccine Enterprise. The Global HIV/AIDS Vaccine Enterprise: Scientific strategic plan. PLoS Med. 2005;2:e25.
    1. Horton R. AIDS: The elusive vaccine. New York Rev Books. 2003 September 23;51(14):53–58.
    1. Weller S, Davis K. Condom effectiveness in reducing heterosexual HIV transmission. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;2002:CD003255.
    1. Hicks DR, Martin LS, Getchell JP, Heath JL, Francis DP, et al. Inactivation of HTLV-III/LAV-infected cultures of normal human lymphocytes by nonoxynol-9 in vitro. Lancet. 1985;2:1422–1423.
    1. Miller CJ, Alexander NJ, Gettie A, Hendrickx AG, Marx PA. The effect of contraceptives containing nonoxynol-9 on the genital transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus in rhesus macaques. Fertil Steril. 1992;57:1126–1128.
    1. Kreiss J, Ngugi E, Holmes K, Ndinya-Achola J, Waiyaki P, et al. Efficacy of nonoxynol 9 contraceptive sponge use in preventing heterosexual acquisition of HIV in Nairobi prostitutes. JAMA. 1992;268:477–482.
    1. Roddy RE, Zekeng L, Ryan KA, Tamoufe U, Weir SS, et al. A controlled trial of nonoxynol 9 film to reduce male-to-female transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:504–510.
    1. Stafford MK, Ward H, Flanagan A, Rosenstein IJ, Taylor-Robinson D, et al. Safety study of nonoxynol-9 as a vaginal microbicide: Evidence of adverse effects. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998;17:327–331.
    1. Van Damme L, Ramjee G, Alary M, Vuylsteke B, Chandeying V, et al. Effectiveness of COL-1492, a nonoxynol-9 vaginal gel, on HIV-1 transmission in female sex workers: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360:971–977.
    1. Krebs FC, Miller SR, Catalone BJ, Welsh PA, Malamud D, et al. Sodium dodecyl sulfate and C31G as microbicidal alternatives to nonoxynol 9: Comparative sensitivity of primary human vaginal keratinocytes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000;44:1954–1960.
    1. McClure MO, Moore JP, Blanc DF, Scotting P, Cook GM, et al. Investigations into the mechanism by which sulfated polysaccharides inhibit HIV infection in vitro. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1992;8:19–26.
    1. Mitsuya H, Popovic M, Yarchoan R, Matsushita S, Gallo RC, et al. Suramin protection of T cells in vitro against infectivity and cytopathic effect of HTLV-III. Science. 1984;226:172–174.
    1. Weber J, Nunn A, O'Connor T, Jeffries D, Kitchen V, et al. ‘Chemical condoms’ for the prevention of HIV infection: Evaluation of novel agents against SHIV(89.6PD) in vitro and in vivo. AIDS. 2001;15:1563–1568.
    1. Mayer KH, Karim SA, Kelly C, Maslankowski L, Rees H, et al. Safety and tolerability of vaginal PRO 2000 gel in sexually active HIV-uninfected and abstinent HIV-infected women. AIDS. 2003;17:321–329.
    1. Rosenstein IJ, Stafford MK, Kitchen VS, Ward H, Weber JN, et al. Effect on normal vaginal flora of three intravaginal microbicidal agents potentially active against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Infect Dis. 1998;177:1386–1390.
    1. Mayer KH, Peipert J, Fleming T, Fullem A, Moench T, et al. Safety and tolerability of BufferGel, a novel vaginal microbicide, in women in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:476–482.
    1. Veazey RS, Shattock RJ, Pope M, Kirijan JC, Jones J, et al. Prevention of virus transmission to macaque monkeys by a vaginally applied monoclonal antibody to HIV-1 gp120. Nat Med. 2003;9:343–346.
    1. Lederman MM, Veazey RS, Offord R, Mosier DE, Dufour J, et al. Prevention of vaginal SHIV transmission in rhesus macaques through inhibition of CCR5. Science. 2004;306:485–487.

Source: PubMed

Sponsorzy i współpracownicy

Warunki medyczne

Interwencje lekowe

3
Subskrybuj