Does the sex of acute stroke patients influence the effectiveness of rt-PA?

Fawaz Al-hussain, Muhammad S Hussain, Carlos Molina, Ken Uchino, Ashfaq Shuaib, Andrew M Demchuk, Andrei V Alexandrov, Maher Saqqur, CLOTBUST Investigators, Fawaz Al-hussain, Muhammad S Hussain, Carlos Molina, Ken Uchino, Ashfaq Shuaib, Andrew M Demchuk, Andrei V Alexandrov, Maher Saqqur, CLOTBUST Investigators

Abstract

Background: Women have been reported to show more frequent recanalization and better recovery after intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) treatment for acute stroke compared with men. To investigate this we studied a series of stroke patients receiving IV rt-PA and undergoing acute transcranial doppler (TCD) examination.

Methods: Acute stroke patients received IV rt-PA and had acute TCD examination within 4 hours of symptom onset at 4 major stroke centers. TCD findings were interpreted using the Thrombolysis in Brain Ischemia (TIBI) flow grading system. The recanalization rates, and poor 3-month outcomes (modified Rankin scale >2) of men and women were compared using the chi-square test. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess sex as a predictor of recanalization and poor 3-month outcome after controlling for age, baseline NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS), time to treatment, hypertension, and blood glucose.

Results: 369 patients had TCD examinations before or during IV rt-PA treatment. The 199 (53.9%) men and 170 (46.1%) women had mean ages of 67 ± 13 and 70 ± 14 years, respectively. The sexes did not differ significantly in baseline stroke severity, time to TCD examination, or time to thrombolysis. Of the men, 68 (34.2%) had complete recanalization, 58 (29.1%) had partial recanalization, and 73 (36.6%) had no recanalization. Of the women, 53 (31.2%) had complete recanalization, 46 (27%) had partial recanalization, and 71 (41.8%) had no recanalization (p = 0.6). Multiple regression analyses showed no difference between the sexes in recanalization rate, time to recanalization, or clinical outcome at 3 months.

Conclusions: In our study; sex is not a significant predictor of recanalization rate, time to recanalization or 3-month outcome in stroke patients following IV rt-PA.

Trial registration: Data from CLOTBUST trial Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01240356.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Rate of arterial recanalization after IV rtPA treatment based on gender (a) male (b) female.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Box whistler plot: median time of arterial recanalization after IV rtPA treatment based on gender.

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