Designing Supportive Soundscapes for Nursing Home Residents with Dementia

Paul Devos, Francesco Aletta, Pieter Thomas, Mirko Petrovic, Tara Vander Mynsbrugge, Dominique Van de Velde, Patricia De Vriendt, Dick Botteldooren, Paul Devos, Francesco Aletta, Pieter Thomas, Mirko Petrovic, Tara Vander Mynsbrugge, Dominique Van de Velde, Patricia De Vriendt, Dick Botteldooren

Abstract

Sound and its resulting soundscape is a major appraisal component of the living environment. Where environmental sounds (e.g., outdoor traffic sounds) are often perceived as negative, a soundscape (e.g., containing natural sounds) can also have a positive effect on health and well-being. This supportive effect of a soundscape is getting increasing attention for use in practice. This paper addresses the design of a supportive sonic environment for persons with dementia in nursing homes. Starting from a review of key mechanisms related to sonic perception, cognitive deficits and related behavior, a framework is derived for the composition of a sonic environment for persons with dementia. The proposed framework is centered around using acoustic stimuli for influencing mood, stimulating the feeling of safety and triggering a response in a person. These stimuli are intended to be deployed as added sounds in a nursing home to improve the well-being and behavior of the residents.

Keywords: ageing; dementia; nursing homes; sonic environment; supportive soundscape.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Human perception model: from sonic environment to soundscape appraisal (adapted from [21]). The surprise text balloons indicate some possible deficits resulting in e.g., deviant appraisal (upper left): impaired perception of sound features; (lower left): impaired recognition of sounds; (right): impaired perception of auditory scenes and objects.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic representation of the soundscape intervention introducing the added composed soundscape targeted to the desired behavioral response.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Representation of the nursing home soundscape design model, illustrating the 3 main behavior influencers with their expected outcomes, as scheduled over a diurnal pattern following the needs of a specific persona.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Illustration of a soundscape intervention: (left) photograph of a sleeping room setting with a soundscape player indicated with a red circle, (right) diurnal pattern of a composed soundscape with a weekly structure.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Ternary plot illustrating the mixing (relative importance indicated in percentages) of the mood, safety and response triggering aspects of the different acoustic stimuli: (1) Birdsong, (2) Wind, (3) Bell, (4) Cafetaria, (5) Typewriter, (6) Music, (7) Heartbeat as considered in a specific context. The saturation level of the color indicates the strength of the effects.

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