Creatine monohydrate and conjugated linoleic acid improve strength and body composition following resistance exercise in older adults

Mark Tarnopolsky, Andrew Zimmer, Jeremy Paikin, Adeel Safdar, Alissa Aboud, Erin Pearce, Brian Roy, Timothy Doherty, Mark Tarnopolsky, Andrew Zimmer, Jeremy Paikin, Adeel Safdar, Alissa Aboud, Erin Pearce, Brian Roy, Timothy Doherty

Abstract

Aging is associated with lower muscle mass and an increase in body fat. We examined whether creatine monohydrate (CrM) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) could enhance strength gains and improve body composition (i.e., increase fat-free mass (FFM); decrease body fat) following resistance exercise training in older adults (>65 y). Men (N = 19) and women (N = 20) completed six months of resistance exercise training with CrM (5g/d)+CLA (6g/d) or placebo with randomized, double blind, allocation. Outcomes included: strength and muscular endurance, functional tasks, body composition (DEXA scan), blood tests (lipids, liver function, CK, glucose, systemic inflammation markers (IL-6, C-reactive protein)), urinary markers of compliance (creatine/creatinine), oxidative stress (8-OH-2dG, 8-isoP) and bone resorption (Nu-telopeptides). Exercise training improved all measurements of functional capacity (P<0.05) and strength (P<0.001), with greater improvement for the CrM+CLA group in most measurements of muscular endurance, isokinetic knee extension strength, FFM, and lower fat mass (P<0.05). Plasma creatinine (P<0.05), but not creatinine clearance, increased for CrM+CLA, with no changes in serum CK activity or liver function tests. Together, this data confirms that supervised resistance exercise training is safe and effective for increasing strength in older adults and that a combination of CrM and CLA can enhance some of the beneficial effects of training over a six-month period. Trial Registration. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00473902.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: Dr. Tarnopolsky has received an investigator initiated grant to evaluate the absorption characteristics of a new form of creatine (creatine ascorbate) as compared with creatine monohydrate from Avicena (2006). The current submitted study was completed in 2005 and Avicena did not contribute any money to the current study, but did supply product. Dr. Tarnopolsky has not received any personal money or sponsored talks for either Avicena or Pharmanutrients.

Figures

Figure 1. Summary of the recruitment strategy…
Figure 1. Summary of the recruitment strategy and allocation.
Figure 2. (A) Changes in fat free…
Figure 2. (A) Changes in fat free mass between supplement groups and sex in response to training.
(B) Changes in fat mass between supplement and sex in response to training. Values are means±standard deviation. *-indicates a significant difference with a p

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