Lifetime cost-effectiveness and equity impacts of the Healthy Primary School of the Future initiative

Marije Oosterhoff, Eelco A B Over, Anoukh van Giessen, Rudolf T Hoogenveen, Hans Bosma, Onno C P van Schayck, Manuela A Joore, Marije Oosterhoff, Eelco A B Over, Anoukh van Giessen, Rudolf T Hoogenveen, Hans Bosma, Onno C P van Schayck, Manuela A Joore

Abstract

Background: This study estimated the lifetime cost-effectiveness and equity impacts associated with two lifestyle interventions in the Dutch primary school setting (targeting 4-12 year olds).

Methods: The Healthy Primary School of the Future (HPSF; a healthy school lunch and structured physical activity) and the Physical Activity School (PAS; structured physical activity) were compared to the regular Dutch curriculum (N = 1676). An adolescence model, calculating weight development, and the RIVM Chronic Disease Model, calculating overweight-related chronic diseases, were linked to estimate the lifetime impact on chronic diseases, quality adjusted life years (QALYs), healthcare, and productivity costs. Cost-effectiveness was expressed as the additional costs/QALY gained and we used €20,000 as threshold. Scenario analyses accounted for alternative effect maintenance scenarios and equity analyses examined cost-effectiveness in different socioeconomic status (SES) groups.

Results: HPSF resulted in a lifetime costs of €773 (societal perspective) and a lifetime QALY gain of 0.039 per child versus control schools. HPSF led to lower costs and more QALYs as compared to PAS. From a societal perspective, HPSF had a cost/QALY gained of €19,734 versus control schools, 50% probability of being cost-effective, and beneficial equity impact (0.02 QALYs gained/child for low versus high SES). The cost-effectiveness threshold was surpassed when intervention effects decayed over time.

Conclusions: HPSF may be a cost-effective and equitable strategy for combatting the lifetime burden of unhealthy lifestyles. The win-win situation will, however, only be realised if the intervention effect is sustained into adulthood for all SES groups.

Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT02800616 ). Registered 15 June 2016 - Retrospectively registered.

Keywords: Childhood obesity; Cost-effectiveness; Health impact modelling; Lifestyle prevention.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Differences in diabetes and knee arthritis prevalence numbers. Notes: Solid line: HPSF versus control schools. Dashed line: PAS versus control schools
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Probability of cost-effectiveness (cost-effectiveness acceptability curve). Panel A) Healthcare perspective. Panel B) Societal perspective. Notes:HPSF  the Healthy Primary School of the Future, PAS the Physical Activity School, UP usual practice, regular school curriculum. Dashed lines represent the probabilitiy of cost-effectiveness for HPSF and PAS under the alternative scenarios. The probability of cost-effectiveness for UP in these scenarios is not presented
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Equity-efficiency impact plane. Notes: HPSF the Healthy Primary School of the Future, PAS the Physical Activity School. Health impact expressed in QALYs per 100,000 persons. × = increasing intervention effects for the high socioeconomic group and constant intervention effects for the low socioeconomic group. * = increasing intervention effects for the high socioeconomic group and decreasing intervention effects for the low socioeconomic group

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Source: PubMed

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