Prevalence of Geographic tongue and Related Predisposing Factors in 7-18 Year-Old Students in Kermanshah, Iran 2014

Fatemeh Rezaei, Mina Safarzadeh, Hamidreza Mozafari, Payam Tavakoli, Fatemeh Rezaei, Mina Safarzadeh, Hamidreza Mozafari, Payam Tavakoli

Abstract

Geographic tongue is a benign lesion at the dorsum and margins of the tongue that sometimes causes pain and burning sensation. This lesion is characterized by an erythematous area with white or yellow folded edges. The predisposing factors of this lesion include heredity, allergies, psoriasis, stress, fissured tongue and consumption of some foods. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of geographic tongue and its related factors among the 7-18 year-old students in Kermanshah, Iran. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in three schools in Kermanshah using multi-stage random cluster sampling method. A total number of 3600 students were examined (1800 girls and 1800 boys). Demographic data and the results of examinations were recorded in a questionnaire. The factors affecting the incidence of geographic tongue were analyzed by the SPSS-20 software and the Chi-square test.The prevalence of geographic tongue was 7.86% (283 individuals). The incidence of this lesion was significantly higher in males than in females (p<0.01). There was no relationship between geographic tongue and psoriasis or fissured tongue. Pain and discomfort during eating was more prevalent in those with geographic tounge compared to those without this condition (p<0.02). The prevalence of geographic tongue among the studied population was 7.86%, and the prevalence of geographic tongue in male students was higher than in female students.

References

    1. Assimakopoulos D, Patrikakos G, Fotika C, Elisaf M. Benign migratory glossitis or geographic tongue: Anenigmatic oral lesion. Am J Med. 2002;113:751–755. .
    1. Barton D. H, Spier S. K, Crovello T. J. Benign migratory glossitis and allergy. Pediatr Dent. 1982;4:249–250.
    1. Cawson R. A, Binnie W. H, Barrett A. W, Wright J. M. Oral disease. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B Sannders; 2001. pp. 13–15. .
    1. Champion R. H, Burton J. L, Burns D. A, Breathnach S. M. Rook’s text book of dermatology. 6th ed. London: Blackwell Science Ltd; 1998. pp. 3102–3114. .
    1. Ghodsi S. Z, Ghaninejad H, Farpour L, Alimardani A, Taheri A, Mansouri P. The incidence of geographical tongue in the patients referred to the skin clinic of Tehran Razi Hospital during 1996. Skin Disease J. 2004;8(2):115–120.
    1. Ghose L. J, Baghdady V. S. Prevalence of geographic tongue and plicated tongue in 6090 Iraqi schoolchildren. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1982;10:214–216. .
    1. Greenburg M, Glick M. Burket’s Oral Medicine. 9th ed. Hamilton: BC Decker Inc; 2014. pp. 103–104. .
    1. Hashemipoor M, Rad M, Dastboos A. Prevalence, clinical features of geographic tongue. Journal of Dentistry. 2009;9:83–92.
    1. Honarmand M, Mollashahifshirzaiy M, Sehhatpour M. Geographic Tongue and Associated Risk Factors among Iranian Dental Patients. Iran J Public Health. 2012;42(2):215–219.
    1. Ishibashi M, Tojo G, Watanabe M, Tamabuchi T, Masu T, Aiba S. Geographic tongue treated with topical tacrolimus. J Dermatol Case Rep. 2010;4(4):57–59. .
    1. Jainkittivong A, Langlais R. P. Geographic tongue clinical characteristics of 188 cases. J contemp dent pract. 2005;6(1):123–135. .
    1. Korting G.W, Bork K, Hoede N, Young S. K, Burgdorf W. H. C. Disease of the oral mucosa and the lips. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1996. pp. 20–23. .
    1. Kovac-Kavcic M, Skaleric U. The prevalence of oral mucosal in a population in Ljubljana, Slovenia. J Oral Pathol Med. 2000;29:331–333. .
    1. Mumcu G, Cimilli H, Sur H, Hayran O, Atalay T. Prevalence and distribution of oral lesions: A cross-sectional study in Turkey. Oral Dis. 2005;11:81–87. .
    1. Neville B. W, Damm D, Bouguot J. E, Bouguot J. E. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W.B Saunders; 2014. pp. 677–679. .
    1. Prinz H. Widening rash of the tongue (geographic tongue) Dent Cosmos. 1927;69:272–275. .
    1. Rabiei M, Mohtashamamiri Z, Amigh S, Ghotbirad S, Ahsani Tehrani S. Prevalence of geographic tongue, fissure tongue and Partial ankyloglossia. among students of three stages of school in Rasht. Journal of Islamic Dental Association of Iran. 2006;18(1):30–36.
    1. Redman R. S, Shapiro B. L, Gorlin R. J. Hereditary component in the etiology of benign migratory glossitis. Am J Hum Genet. 1972;24(2):124–33. .
    1. Regezi J. A, Sciubba J. J, Jordan R. C. K. Oral Patholog: Clinical Pathologic Correlations. 4th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2003. pp. 90–91. .
    1. Richardson E. R. Incidence of geographic tongue and median rhomboid glossitis in 3,319 Negro college students. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1968;26(5):623–625. .
    1. Salem G, Holm S. A, Fattah R, Basset S, Nasser C. Developmental oral anomalies among school children in Gizan region, Saudi Arabia. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1987;15:150–151. .
    1. Scully C. Oral and maxillofacial medicine. London: Elsevier; 2004. 58, 367-371, 379.
    1. Shafer W. G, Hine M. K, Levy M. A textbook of oral pathology. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1983. .
    1. Sigal M. J, Mock D. Symptomatic benign migratory glossitis: Report of two cases and literature review. Pediatr Dent. 1992;14:392–396. .
    1. Taheri J. B, Maleki Z. Epidemiologic assessments of tongue lesions in the 18-28 years old dental students of Shahid Beheshti Dental School during 1999. ShahidBeheshti Dental Journal. 2000;12(4):85–90.
    1. Ugar-Cankal D, Denizci S, Hocaoglu T. Prevalence of tongue lesions among Turkish schoolchildren. Saudi Med J. 2005;26(12):1962–1967. .
    1. Voros-Balog T, Vincze N, Banoczy J. Prevalence of tongue lesions in Hungarian children. Oral Dis. 2003;9(2):84–87. .
    1. Voros-Balog T, Dombi C, Vincze N, Banoczy J. Epidemiologic survay of tongue factors involved. FogorvSz. 1999;92:157–163. .
    1. Waltimo J. Geographic tongue during a year of oral contraceptive cycles. Br Dent J. 1991;171:94–96. .

Source: PubMed

Sponsorzy i współpracownicy

Warunki medyczne

Interwencje lekowe

3
Subskrybuj