Early life adversity contributes to impaired cognition and impulsive behavior: studies from the Oklahoma Family Health Patterns Project

Abstract

Background: Stressful early life experience may have adverse consequences in adulthood and may contribute to behavioral characteristics that increase vulnerability to alcoholism. We examined early life adverse experience in relation to cognitive deficits and impulsive behaviors with a reference to risk factors for alcoholism.

Methods: We tested 386 healthy young adults (18 to 30 years of age; 224 women; 171 family history positive for alcoholism) using a composite measure of adverse life experience (low socioeconomic status plus personally experienced adverse events including physical and sexual abuse and separation from parents) as a predictor of performance on the Shipley Institute of Living scale, the Stroop color-word task, and a delay discounting task assessing preference for smaller immediate rewards in favor of larger delayed rewards. Body mass index (BMI) was examined as an early indicator of altered health behavior.

Results: Greater levels of adversity predicted higher Stroop interference scores (F = 3.07, p = 0.048), faster discounting of delayed rewards (F = 3.79, p = 0.024), lower Shipley mental age scores (F = 4.01, p = 0.019), and higher BMIs in those with a family history of alcoholism (F = 3.40, p = 0.035). These effects were not explained by age, sex, race, education, or depression.

Conclusions: The results indicate a long-term impact of stressful life experience on cognitive function, impulsive behaviors, and early health indicators that may contribute to risk in persons with a family history of alcoholism.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest

Dr. Lovallo reports having no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.

Dr. Farag reports having no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.

Dr. Sorocco reports having no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.

Dr. Vincent reports having no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.

Mr. Cohoon reports having no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.

Copyright © 2012 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.

Figures

Figure 1

The impact of early life adverse experience on: A. Stroop interference scores; B. Shipley mental age; C. Delay discounting rate; D. Body mass index. Adversity groups were based on composite adversity scores of 0 (low adversity), 1 or 2 (moderate adversity), or 3+ (high adversity).