A phase I/II study of CY and topotecan in patients with high-risk malignancies undergoing autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation: the St Jude long-term follow-up

Abstract

Fifty-eight consecutive children with high-risk malignancies were treated with CY, and targeted topotecan followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) in a phase I/II Institutional Review Board-approved study. Twelve participants enrolled in phase I; 5 received dose level 1 of topotecan 3 mg/m(2) per day, with subsequent doses targeted to total systemic exposure of 100±20 ng h/mL and CY 750 mg/m(2) per day. Seven participants received dose level 2. CY dose escalation to 1 g/m(2) per day was considered excessively toxic; one died from irreversible veno-occlusive disease and two experienced reversible hepatotoxicity. These adverse events halted further dose escalation. A total of 46 participants were enrolled in phase II; results are on the 51 participants who received therapy at dose level 1, the maximum tolerated dose. Diagnoses included neuroblastoma (26), sarcoma (9), lymphoma (8), brain tumors (5), Wilms (2) and retinoblastoma (1). Twenty participants (39.3%) were in CR1 at enrollment; median age was 5.1 years. Most common non-hematological grade III-IV toxicity was gastrointestinal (n=37). Neutrophil and platelet engraftment occurred at a median of 15 and 24 days, respectively. Twenty-six (51%) participants remain alive at a median of 6.4 years after AHCT. CY 3.75 g/m(2), and targeted topotecan followed by AHCT are feasible and produce acceptable toxicity in children with high-risk malignancies.

Figures

Figure 1

Overall survival and event-free survival of the 51 participants and the number at risk treated on dose level 1.

Figure 2

A. Cumulative incidence of relapse among the 51 participants treated on dose level 1. B. Cumulative incidence of relapse by disease type and the number at risk. No statistical significance among disease type (p-value = 0.83). Neuroblastoma (NB), lymphoma, and sarcoma were the 3 most common diagnoses treated in this study. The others category included brain tumor, Wilms tumor, and retinoblastoma.

Figure 2

A. Cumulative incidence of relapse among the 51 participants treated on dose level 1. B. Cumulative incidence of relapse by disease type and the number at risk. No statistical significance among disease type (p-value = 0.83). Neuroblastoma (NB), lymphoma, and sarcoma were the 3 most common diagnoses treated in this study. The others category included brain tumor, Wilms tumor, and retinoblastoma.