Limited relationships between reactive oxygen species levels in culture media and zygote and embryo development

Kuo-Chung Lan, Yi-Chi Lin, Yung-Chiao Chang, Hsin-Jung Lin, Yi-Ru Tsai, Hong-Yo Kang, Kuo-Chung Lan, Yi-Chi Lin, Yung-Chiao Chang, Hsin-Jung Lin, Yi-Ru Tsai, Hong-Yo Kang

Abstract

Purpose: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to play a critical role in the success of IVF. The relationships between oxidative stress parameters in culture media and IVF outcomes have not been extensively investigated. The objective of this study is to examine the relationships between early human embryonic parameters and levels of ROS in culture media.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted with 2633 spent culture media collected from patients undergoing conventional IVF (n = 101) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (n = 60). Both fertilization and early culture were performed in universal IVF medium and G series medium. ROS levels were measured by chemiluminescence assays using luminol as the probe on days 1, 3, and 5 and determined the relationships of ROS levels with zygote condition, embryo quality, and clinical pregnancy rate.

Results: ROS levels per embryo in culture media on the corresponding days 1, 3, and 5 showed significant correlations between each pair in the total cohort. Similar results were observed in the IVF and ICSI groups, but day 1 and day 3 ROS levels were significantly higher in culture media of IVF than of ICSI embryos. ROS levels in culture medium were not significantly associated with embryo quality, blastocyst formation, or arrest. ROS levels on day 1 were similar in media of normally fertilized zygotes, unfertilized oocytes, and polyspermic zygotes and were not associated with delayed embryonic development, high fragmentation, blastocyst formation, or arrest after prolonged culture. ROS levels in media were not associated with the likelihood of conception.

Conclusions: ROS levels in culture media may not be an effective indicator of embryo selection for IVF.

Keywords: Culture media; Embryo development; Embryo morphology; Fertilization; Reactive oxygen species.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Correlations between ROS levels in spent culture media on days 1 (n = 1033), 3 (n = 963), and 5 (n = 637). a Day 1 vs. day 3 (regression coefficient: 0.336, P < 0.001). b Day 1 vs. day 5 (regression coefficient: 0.093, P = 0.02). c Day 3 vs. day 5 (regression coefficient: 0.196, P < 0.001). Straight lines represent the linear regression lines. ROS reactive oxygen species, n number
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Relationship of ROS in culture media with zygote and embryo development. a Relationships between ROS levels in culture media on days 1, 3, and 5 with zygote quality, day 3 embryo class, and day 5 blastocyst class. b Relationship between ROS levels in culture media on day 1 with day 3 embryo class and day 5 blastocyst class
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Relationship of ROS in culture media with zygote and embryo development. a Relationships between ROS levels in culture media on days 1, 3, and 5 with zygote quality, day 3 embryo class, and day 5 blastocyst class. b Relationship between ROS levels in culture media on day 1 with day 3 embryo class and day 5 blastocyst class

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