Functional networks in prolonged disorders of consciousness

Hui Li, Xiaonian Zhang, Xinting Sun, Linghui Dong, Haitao Lu, Shouwei Yue, Hao Zhang, Hui Li, Xiaonian Zhang, Xinting Sun, Linghui Dong, Haitao Lu, Shouwei Yue, Hao Zhang

Abstract

Prolonged disorders of consciousness (DoC) are characterized by extended disruptions of brain activities that sustain wakefulness and awareness and are caused by various etiologies. During the past decades, neuroimaging has been a practical method of investigation in basic and clinical research to identify how brain properties interact in different levels of consciousness. Resting-state functional connectivity within and between canonical cortical networks correlates with consciousness by a calculation of the associated temporal blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal process during functional MRI (fMRI) and reveals the brain function of patients with prolonged DoC. There are certain brain networks including the default mode, dorsal attention, executive control, salience, auditory, visual, and sensorimotor networks that have been reported to be altered in low-level states of consciousness under either pathological or physiological states. Analysis of brain network connections based on functional imaging contributes to more accurate judgments of consciousness level and prognosis at the brain level. In this review, neurobehavioral evaluation of prolonged DoC and the functional connectivity within brain networks based on resting-state fMRI were reviewed to provide reference values for clinical diagnosis and prognostic evaluation.

Keywords: fMRI; functional connectivity; network; neuroimaging; prolonged DoC.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Copyright © 2023 Li, Zhang, Sun, Dong, Lu, Yue and Zhang.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Functional networks in prolonged DoC. The distribution of seven primary networks that control the resting state of functional connectivity in prolonged DoC. DMN, default mode network; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; LPC, lateral parietal cortex; DAN, dorsal attention network; IPS, intraparietal sulcus; TPJ, temporoparietal junction; ECN, executive control network; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; PPC, posterior parietal cortex; SN, salience network; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; AIC, anterior insula cortex; FIC, frontoinsular cortices; AN, auditory network; VN, visual network; SMN, sensorimotor network; SMA, supplementary motor area.

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