Skilled reach training influences brain recovery following intracerebral hemorrhage in rats

Min-Sik Yong, Kak Hwangbo, Min-Sik Yong, Kak Hwangbo

Abstract

[Purpose] The present study investigated how skilled reach training influences functional and neurological brain recovery via a rat model with intracerebral hemorrhage. [Subjects] Thirty rats with intracerebral hemorrhage were divided into 2 groups randomly: the control group (CON) that did not receive any treatment, and the experimental group (SRT) that received skilled reach training. [Methods] The experimental group was trained through skilled reaching training with the affected upper limb in 15-minute sessions administered 6 days per week for 4 weeks. [Results] In the behavioral test, the results showed that motor function was significantly improved in the skilled reach training group compared with the control group. In the neurological teat, the expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was significantly increased in the skilled reach training group compared with the control group. [Conclusion] Skilled reach training is able to facilitate both the expression of neurotrophic factor in the motor cortex and motor function recovery following intracerebral hemorrhage.

Keywords: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Intracerebral hemorrhage; Skilled reach training.

References

    1. Desrosiers J, Bourbonnais D, Corriveau H, et al. : Effectiveness of unilateral and symmetrical bilateral task training for arm during the subacute phase after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil, 2005, 19: 581–593
    1. Yen JG, Wang RY, Chen HH, et al. : Effectiveness of modified constraint-induced movement therapy on upper limb function in stroke subjects. Acta Neurol Taiwan, 2005, 14: 16–20
    1. Brodie J, Holm MB, Tomlin GS: Cerebrovascular accident: relationship of demographic, diagnostic, and occupational therapy antecedents to rehabilitation outcomes. Am J Occup Ther, 1994, 48: 906–913
    1. Wang J, Fields J, Dore S: The development of an improved preclinical mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage using double infusion of autologous whole blood. Brain Res, 2008, 1222: 214–221
    1. Levine P, Page SJ: Modified constraint-induced therapy: a promising restorative outpatient therapy. Top Stroke Rehabil, 2004, 11: 1–10
    1. Page SJ, Levine P, Leonard A, et al. : Modified constraint-induced therapy in chronic stroke: results of a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther, 2008, 88: 333–340
    1. Han CE, Arbib MA, Schweighofer N: Stroke rehabilitation reaches a threshold. PLOS Comput Biol, 2008, 4: e1000133
    1. Maldonado MA, Allred RP, Felthauser EL, et al. : Motor skill training, but not voluntary exercise, improves skilled reaching after unilateral ischemic lesions of the sensorimotor cortex in rats. Neurorehabil Neural Repair, 2008, 22: 250–261
    1. Mestriner RG, Pagnussat AS, Boisserand LS, et al. : Skilled reaching training promotes astroglial changes and facilitated sensorimotor recovery after collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage. Exp Neurol, 2011, 227: 53–61
    1. MacLellan CL, Plummer N, Silasi G, et al. : Rehabilitation promotes recovery after whole blood-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Neurorehabil Neural Repair, 2011, 25: 477–483
    1. Bath KG, Lee FS: Neurotrophic factor control of adult SVZ neurogenesis. Dev Neurobiol, 2010, 70: 339–349
    1. Huang EJ, Reichardt LF: Neurotrophins: roles in neuronal development and function. Annu Rev Neurosci, 2001, 24: 677–736
    1. Je HS, Zhou J, Yang F, et al. : Distinct mechanisms for neurotrophin-3-induced acute and long-term synaptic potentiation. J Neurosci, 2005, 25: 11719–11729
    1. Reichardt LF: Neurotrophin-regulated signalling pathways. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 2006, 361: 1545–1564
    1. Ke Z, Yip SP, Li L, et al. : The effects of voluntary, involuntary, and forced exercises on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and motor function recovery: a rat brain ischemia model. PLoS ONE, 2011, 6: e16643
    1. Ploughman M, Windle V, MacLellan CL, et al. : Brain-derived neurotrophic factor contributes to recovery of skilled reaching after focal ischemia in rats. Stroke, 2009, 40: 1490–1495
    1. Saha RN, Liu X, Pahan K: Up-regulation of BDNF in astrocytes by TNF-alpha: a case for the neuroprotective role of cytokine. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol, 2006, 1: 212–222
    1. Donovan MH, Yamaguchi M, Eisch AJ: Dynamic expression of TrkB receptor protein on proliferating and maturing cells in the adult mouse dentate gyrus. Hippocampus, 2008, 18: 435–439
    1. Auriat AM, Colbourne F: Delayed rehabilitation lessens brain injury and improves recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Brain Res, 2009, 1251: 262–268
    1. Mayer SA, Rincon F: Treatment of intracerebral haemorrhage. Lancet Neurol, 2005, 4: 662–672
    1. Park JW, Bang MS, Kwon BS, et al. : Early treadmill training promotes motor function after hemorrhagic stroke in rats. Neurosci Lett, 2010, 471: 104–108
    1. Zoladz JA, Pilc A: The effect of physical activity on the brain derived neurotrophic factor: from animal to human studies. J Physiol Pharmacol, 2010, 61: 533–541
    1. Gómez-Pinilla F, Ying Z, Roy RR, et al. : Voluntary exercise induces a BDNF-mediated mechanism that promotes neuroplasticity. J Neurophysiol, 2002, 88: 2187–2195
    1. Iwaniuk AN, Whishaw IQ: On the origin of skilled forelimb movements. Trends Neurosci, 2000, 23: 372–376
    1. Whishaw IQ, Alaverdashvili M, Kolb B: The problem of relating plasticity and skilled reaching after motor cortex stroke in the rat. Behav Brain Res, 2008, 192: 124–136

Source: PubMed

Sponsorzy i współpracownicy

Warunki medyczne

Interwencje lekowe

3
Subskrybuj