Quality-of-life and performance status results from the phase III RAINBOW study of ramucirumab plus paclitaxel versus placebo plus paclitaxel in patients with previously treated gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma
S-E Al-Batran, E Van Cutsem, S C Oh, G Bodoky, Y Shimada, S Hironaka, N Sugimoto, O N Lipatov, T-Y Kim, D Cunningham, P Rougier, K Muro, A M Liepa, K Chandrawansa, M Emig, A Ohtsu, H Wilke, S-E Al-Batran, E Van Cutsem, S C Oh, G Bodoky, Y Shimada, S Hironaka, N Sugimoto, O N Lipatov, T-Y Kim, D Cunningham, P Rougier, K Muro, A M Liepa, K Chandrawansa, M Emig, A Ohtsu, H Wilke
Abstract
Background: The phase III RAINBOW trial demonstrated that the addition of ramucirumab to paclitaxel improved overall survival, progression-free survival, and tumor response rate in fluoropyrimidine-platinum previously treated patients with advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. Here, we present results from quality-of-life (QoL) and performance status (PS) analyses.
Patients and methods: Patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group PS of 0/1 were randomized to receive ramucirumab (8 mg/kg i.v.) or placebo on days 1 and 15 of a 4-week cycle, with both arms receiving paclitaxel (80 mg/m(2)) on days 1, 8, and 15. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed with the QoL/health status questionnaires EORTC QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D at baseline and 6-week intervals. PS was assessed at baseline and day 1 of every cycle. Time to deterioration (TtD) in each QLQ-C30 scale was defined as randomization to first worsening of ≥10 points (on 100-point scale) and TtD in PS was defined as first worsening to ≥2. Hazard ratios (HRs) for treatment effect were estimated using stratified Cox proportional hazards models.
Results: Of the 665 patients randomized, 650 (98%) provided baseline QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D data, and 560 (84%) also provided data from ≥1 postbaseline time point. Baseline scores for both instruments were similar between arms. Of the 15 QLQ-C30 scales, 14 had HR < 1, indicating similar or longer TtD in QoL for ramucirumab + paclitaxel. Treatment with ramucirumab + paclitaxel was also associated with a delay in TtD in PS to ≥2 (HR = 0.798, P = 0.0941). Alternate definitions of PS deterioration yielded similar results: PS ≥ 3 (HR = 0.656, P = 0.0508), deterioration by ≥1 PS level (HR = 0.802, P = 0.0444), and deterioration by ≥2 PS levels (HR = 0.608, P = 0.0063). EQ-5D scores were comparable between treatment arms, stable during treatment, and worsened at discontinuation.
Conclusion: In patients with previously treated advanced gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma, addition of ramucirumab to paclitaxel prolonged overall survival while maintaining patient QoL with delayed symptom worsening and functional status deterioration.
Clinicaltrialsgov: NCT01170663.
Keywords: EORTC QLQ-C30; EQ-5D; GEJ cancer; gastric cancer; quality of life; ramucirumab.
© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology.
Figures
References
- Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M et al. . GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 11 [Internet]. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2013. , accessed on 16 May 2015.
- Price TJ, Shapiro JD, Segelov E et al. . Management of advanced gastric cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 6: 199–209.
- Thuss-Patience PC, Kretzschmar A, Bichev D et al. . Survival advantage for irinotecan versus best supportive care as second-line chemotherapy in gastric cancer—a randomised phase III study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie (AIO). Eur J Cancer 2011; 47: 2306–2314.
- Kang JH, Lee SI, Lim DH et al. . Salvage chemotherapy for pretreated gastric cancer: a randomized phase III trial comparing chemotherapy plus best supportive care with best supportive care alone. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 1513–1518.
- Ford HER, Marshall A, Bridgewater JA et al. . Docetaxel versus active symptom control for refractory oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma (COUGAR-02): an open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15: 78–86.
- Fuchs CS, Tomasek J, Yong CJ et al. . Ramucirumab monotherapy for previously treated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (REGARD): an international, randomised, multicenter, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2014; 383: 31–39.
- Spratlin JL, Cohen RB, Eadens M et al. . Phase I pharmacologic and biologic study of ramucirumab (IMC-1121B), a fully human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28: 780–787.
- Wilke H, Muro K, Van Cutsem E et al. . Ramucirumab plus paclitaxel versus placebo plus paclitaxel in patients with previously treated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (RAINBOW): a double-blind, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15: 1224–1235.
- Wilke H, Van Cutsem E, Oh SC et al. . RAINBOW: A global, phase III randomized, double-blind study of ramucirumab plus paclitaxel versus placebo plus paclitaxel in the treatment of metastatic gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and gastric adenocarcinoma following disease progression on first-line platinum- and fluoropyrimidine-containing combination therapy. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32(suppl 3): abstr LBA7.
- Al-Batran SE, Ajani JA. Impact of chemotherapy on quality of life in patients with metastatic esophagogastric cancer. Cancer 2010; 116: 2511–2518.
- Satoh T, Bang YJ, Gotovkin EA et al. . Quality of life in the trastuzumab for gastric cancer trial. Oncologist 2014; 19: 712–719.
- Aaronson NK, Ahmedzai S, Bergman B et al. . The European Organization for Research and Treatment QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993; 85: 365–376.
- EuroQol Group. EuroQol—a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy 1990; 16: 199–208.
- Oken MM, Creech RH, Tormey DC et al. . Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol 1982; 5: 649–655.
- Fayers PM, Aaronson NK, Bjordal K et al. . on behalf of the EORTC Quality of Life Group. EORTC QLQ-C30 Scoring Manual, 3rd Edition European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Brussels: EORTC, 2001. ISBN: 2-9300 64-22-6.
- Osoba D, Rodrigues G, Myles J et al. . Interpreting the significance of changes in health-related quality-of-life scores. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16: 139–144.
- Cox DR, Snell EJ. Analysis of Binary Data, 2nd edition Chapman & Hall: London, 1989.
- Dolan P. Modeling valuations for EuroQol health states. Med Care 1997; 35: 1095–1108.
- Al-Batran SE, Hozaeel W, Tauchert FK et al. . The impact of docetaxel-related toxicities on health-related quality of life in patients with metastatic cancer (QoliTax). Ann Oncol 2015; 26: 1244–1248.
Source: PubMed