Sun exposure and primary prevention of skin cancer for infants and young children during autumn/winter

Abstract

Objective and method: Excessive sun exposure in childhood has been associated with the development of skin cancer, and appropriate levels of sun protection during the early years of a child's life can significantly reduce the risks. A survey of 133 mothers was undertaken in south-east Queensland to examine the levels of sun exposure and skin protection of infants and young children.

Results: Among this sample of 133 mothers, use of appropriate skin protection was relatively high for themselves and their children. However, even by six months of age, a third had been sunburnt and 15% had experienced painful sunburn. By three years of age, 82% had been sunburnt and one-third had experienced painful sunburn, though mothers' knowledge levels of sun safety issues were very high. The predictors associated with primary prevention varied across the type of prevention behaviour, but indicated that interventions should focus on susceptibility to sunburn and history of sunburn. Similar programs could be applicable across a broad range of socio-demographic groups, but require attention to mother's country of birth as a factor that significantly influences their use of protection for their young children.

Conclusions: Ongoing public education that targets specific groups and settings may contribute to adoption of appropriate sun protective behaviours for young children.

Implications: Results of the study provide some of the needed baseline data to assist future skin cancer prevention campaigns for young children and infants. A similar study of levels of sun exposure and skin protection for children during summer is under way.