Long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vascular function in patients with chronic kidney disease and healthy subjects: a cross-sectional and comparative study

Morten Borg, My Svensson, Johan V Povlsen, Erik B Schmidt, Christian Aalkjær, Jeppe H Christensen, Per Ivarsen, Morten Borg, My Svensson, Johan V Povlsen, Erik B Schmidt, Christian Aalkjær, Jeppe H Christensen, Per Ivarsen

Abstract

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease have a markedly increased cardiovascular mortality compared with the general population. Long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been suggested to possess cardioprotective properties. This cross-sectional and comparative study evaluated correlations between hemodynamic measurements, resistance artery function and fish consumption to the content of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissue, a long-term marker of seafood intake.

Methods: Seventeen patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 + 5d and 27 healthy kidney donors were evaluated with hemodynamic measurements before surgery; from these subjects, 11 patients and 11 healthy subjects had vasodilator properties of subcutaneous resistance arteries examined. The measurements were correlated to adipose tissue n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Information on fish intake was obtained from a dietary questionnaire and compared with adipose tissue n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Results: Fish intake and the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissue did not differ between patients and controls. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in adipose tissue were positively correlated to systemic vascular resistance index; (r = 0.44; p = 0.07 and r = 0.62; p < 0.05, chronic kidney disease and healthy subjects respectively) and negatively correlated to cardiac output index (r = -0.69; p < 0.01 and r = -0.50; p < 0.05, chronic kidney disease and healthy subjects respectively). No correlation was observed between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in adipose tissue and vasodilator properties in resistance arteries. n-3 PUFA content in adipose tissue increased with increasing self-reported fish intake.

Conclusions: The correlations found, suggest a role for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in hemodynamic properties. However, this is apparently not due to changes in intrinsic properties of the resistance arteries as no correlation was found to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Hemodynamic; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Resistance artery.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The participants’ fish score divided into three groups as low (2–5), moderate (6–8) and high (9–12). Each group’s content of n-3 PUFA in adipose tissue. The 3 groups significantly differ from each other (Box plot; (p < 0.01); Kruskal-Wallis test)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The association between n-3 PUFA in adipose tissue and systemic vascular resistance index. Chronic kidney disease patients (r = 0.44; p = 0.07) (red symbols/red dash line, fitted line and 95% confidence interval); healthy subjects (r = 0.62; p < 0.05) (green symbols and solid line). Regression formulas were y = 8.0*x + 43.0 and y = 6.3*x + 40.0 for CKD patients and healthy subjects, respectively
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The association between n-3 PUFA in adipose tissue and cardiac output index. Chronic kidney disease patients (r = −0.69; p < 0.01) (red symbols/red dash line, fitted line and 95% confidence interval); healthy subjects (r = −0.50; p < 0.05) (green symbols and green solid line). Regression formulas were y = −0.79*x + 2.06 and y = −0.68*x + 1.87 for ESRD patients and control subjects, respectively
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The association between n-3 PUFA in adipose tissue and acetylcholine-induced vasodilator response in resistance arteries. Chronic kidney disease patients red symbols/red dash line, fitted line and 95% coefficient interval); healthy subjects (green symbols and green solid line). Regression formulas were y = −0.07*x + 6.86 and y = −0.11*x + 6.81 for ESRD patients and control subjects, respectively

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