Improvement in cardiometabolic risk markers following a multifunctional diet is associated with gut microbial taxa in healthy overweight and obese subjects

Nittaya Marungruang, Juscelino Tovar, Inger Björck, Frida Fåk Hållenius, Nittaya Marungruang, Juscelino Tovar, Inger Björck, Frida Fåk Hållenius

Abstract

Purpose: A multifunctional diet (MFD) targeting subclinical inflammation was developed as a tool to decrease risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in healthy "at-risk" individuals (BMI 25-33 kg/m2). MFD contains several components that are degraded in the colon by the microbiota, such as dietary fibers from rye, barley, oats and berries. It also contains soy beans, oily fish and plant stanols. In previous studies, we have observed improved cardiometabolic markers in healthy at-risk individuals after 4-8 week intake of MFD. However, whether these improvements can be associated with changes in the gut microbiota composition has not been investigated. In the present study, we analyzed the gut microbiota before and after an 8-week dietary intervention with MFD.

Methods: Cardiometabolic at-risk individuals (n = 47), between 51 and 72 years old and with a BMI of 25-33 kg/m2, were given either the MFD or a control diet lacking the functional ("active") components for 8 weeks in a parallel, randomized design. Next-generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was used to analyze the gut microbiota composition.

Results: The 8-week intervention with MFD did not significantly alter the gut microbiota composition at phylum or genus taxonomic levels, while LEfSE analysis identified increased abundance of Prevotella copri in the MFD group as compared to the control group. Treponema correlated positively with blood pressure. In contrast, Faecalibacterium showed a negative association with blood pressure, while Bilophila appeared to associate with a negative blood lipid profile.

Conclusions: Taken together, results from the present study may be used in the further development of effective dietary concepts capable of reducing cardiometabolic risk markers in humans through a targeted modulation of the gut microbial community.

Trial registration number: Clinical Trials.gov NCT02148653.

Keywords: Cardiovascular; Diet; Human; Microbiota; Obese; Prevention.

Conflict of interest statement

Ethical standards

The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board, Lund, Sweden (Dnr 5932008). Written informed consent was obtained from each study participant and the study protocol adhered to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki. Trial registration number: Clinical Trials.gov NCT02148653.

Conflict of interest

Inger Björck is founder and shareholder in ProPrev AB, and Frida Fåk Hållenius is a shareholder in ProPrev AB. Nittaya Marungruang and Juscelino Tovar declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Gut microbiota composition in MFD and control groups at baseline and end point. Relative abundance of the gut microbiota at a phylum and b genus level. cPrevotella/Bacteroides ratio. d Weighted UniFrac PCoA plot showing gut microbial community composition among the groups at 50,620 randomly selected sequences/sample
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
LDA score plot (left) and cladogram plot (right) from LEfSE analysis of the gut microbiota composition in MFD and control groups at baseline and end point. A = MFD, B = Control diet, v1 = baseline, v3 = end point. Microbial taxa shown have an LDA score higher than 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Loading (big panel) and score scatter (small) PLS plots illustrating correlations between gut microbiota at genus level and cardiometabolic risk markers in MFD and control diet groups. Bacterial genera significantly correlated with the risk markers are shown in big green circles. Uncl, unclassified

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