Improved tolerability of neratinib in patients with HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer: the CONTROL trial
C H Barcenas, S A Hurvitz, J A Di Palma, R Bose, A J Chien, N Iannotti, G Marx, A Brufsky, A Litvak, E Ibrahim, R H Alvarez, M Ruiz-Borrego, N Chan, Y Manalo, A Kellum, M Trudeau, M Thirlwell, J Garcia Saenz, D Hunt, R Bryce, L McCulloch, H S Rugo, D Tripathy, A Chan, CONTROL Study Investigators, L Carcas, A Castrellon, D Chan, K Cheong, B Choi, M Coleman, A Conlin, R Dichmann, D Ellison, N Erickson, I Gore, V Hansen, D Huang, D Hufnagel, F Kass, S D Kendall, M Kozloff, W Lawler, K D Nahum, B Pistilli, E Reyes, J Seeger, R Somer, E Tan Chiu, G Thomas, K Tkaczuk, I Vaziri, J Wade, M Wilkinson, C H Barcenas, S A Hurvitz, J A Di Palma, R Bose, A J Chien, N Iannotti, G Marx, A Brufsky, A Litvak, E Ibrahim, R H Alvarez, M Ruiz-Borrego, N Chan, Y Manalo, A Kellum, M Trudeau, M Thirlwell, J Garcia Saenz, D Hunt, R Bryce, L McCulloch, H S Rugo, D Tripathy, A Chan, CONTROL Study Investigators, L Carcas, A Castrellon, D Chan, K Cheong, B Choi, M Coleman, A Conlin, R Dichmann, D Ellison, N Erickson, I Gore, V Hansen, D Huang, D Hufnagel, F Kass, S D Kendall, M Kozloff, W Lawler, K D Nahum, B Pistilli, E Reyes, J Seeger, R Somer, E Tan Chiu, G Thomas, K Tkaczuk, I Vaziri, J Wade, M Wilkinson
Abstract
Background: Neratinib is an irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for extended adjuvant treatment in early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer based on the phase III ExteNET study. In that trial, in which no antidiarrheal prophylaxis was mandated, grade 3 diarrhea was observed in 40% of patients and 17% discontinued due to diarrhea. The international, open-label, sequential-cohort, phase II CONTROL study is investigating several strategies to improve tolerability.
Patients and methods: Patients who completed trastuzumab-based adjuvant therapy received neratinib 240 mg/day for 1 year plus loperamide prophylaxis (days 1-28 or 1-56). Sequential cohorts evaluated additional budesonide or colestipol prophylaxis (days 1-28) and neratinib dose escalation (DE; ongoing). The primary end point was the incidence of grade ≥3 diarrhea.
Results: Final data for loperamide (L; n = 137), budesonide + loperamide (BL; n = 64), colestipol + loperamide (CL; n = 136), and colestipol + as-needed loperamide (CL-PRN; n = 104) cohorts, and interim data for DE (n = 60; completed ≥six cycles or discontinued; median duration 11 months) are available. No grade 4 diarrhea was observed. Grade 3 diarrhea rates were lower than ExteNET in all cohorts and lowest in DE (L 31%, BL 28%, CL 21%, CL-PRN 32%, DE 15%). Median number of grade 3 diarrhea episodes was one; median duration per grade 3 episode was 1.0-2.0 days across cohorts. Most grade 3 diarrhea and diarrhea-related discontinuations occurred in month 1. Diarrhea-related discontinuations were lowest in DE (L 20%, BL 8%, CL 4%, CL-PRN 8%, DE 3%). Decreases in health-related quality of life did not cross the clinically important threshold.
Conclusions: Neratinib tolerability was improved with preemptive prophylaxis or DE, which reduced the rate, severity, and duration of neratinib-associated grade ≥3 diarrhea compared with ExteNET. Lower diarrhea-related treatment discontinuations in multiple cohorts indicate that proactive management can allow patients to stay on neratinib for the recommended time period. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT02400476.
Keywords: HER2-positive breast cancer; diarrhea prophylaxis; neratinib; quality of life; tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Source: PubMed